Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Niceforonia brunnea (Lynch, 1975)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Superfamily: Brachycephaloidea > Family: Craugastoridae > Subfamily: Hypodactylinae > Genus: Niceforonia > Species: Niceforonia brunnea

Phrynopus brunneus Lynch, 1975, Occas. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 35: 14. Holotype: USNM 192909, by original designation. Type locality: "10 km WNW El Carmelo (= Pun), Carchi Prov., Ecuador, 3150 m".

"Phrynopus" brunneus — Heinicke, Duellman, and Hedges, 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104: 10094; Heinicke, Duellman, and Hedges, 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Suppl. Inform., 104: 4.

Isodactylus brunneus — Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008, Zootaxa, 1737: 108.

Hypodactylus brunneus — Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008, Zootaxa, 1795: 67–68.

Niceforonia brunnea — Acosta-Galvis, Streicher, Manuelli, Cuddy, and de Sá, 2018, Zootaxa, 4514: 494.

Common Names

Brown Rainfrog (Coloma and Duellman, 2025, Amph. Ecuador. Vol. 3: xxxii).

Cutín Café (Coloma and Duellman, 2025, Amph. Ecuador. Vol. 3: xxxii).

Carchi Andes Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 82).

Distribution

Western slopes of the Cordillera Occidental of the Andes in Carchi, Imbabura, and Sucumbíos provinces, Ecuador, 3296 to 3489 m elevation.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Colombia, Ecuador

Comment

Cisneros-Heredia, 2004, Herpetozoa, Wien, 17: 194–195, provided the second locality for this species. Lehr, Fritzsch, and Müller, 2005, Zool. Scripta, 34: 593–603, suggested that Phrynopus brunneus is not nested among other Phrynopus, but imbedded in Eleutherodactylus, but hesitated to make the change pending additional resolution. Heinicke, Duellman, and Hedges, 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104: 10092–10097, removed this species from nominal Phrynopus but did not provide a new generic name; see comment under Hypodactylus. Batallas-Revelo, Márquez, and Guayasamin, 2025, ZooKeys, 1224: 211–252, reported on the advertisement call from Carchi Province, Ecuador. Coloma and Duellman, 2025, Amph. Ecuador. Vol. 3: 15–16, provided an account summarizing morphological identification, natural history, distribution (including a dot map for Ecuador), and conservation, with photographs.

External links:

Please note: these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the American Museum of Natural History. We are not responsible for their content.

For access to general information see Wikipedia
For additional sources of general information from other websites search Google
For access to relevant technical literature search Google Scholar
For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For additional information specific to Ecuador see FaunaWebEcuador: Anfibios del Ecuador