Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Oreobates discoidalis (Peracca, 1895)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Superfamily: Brachycephaloidea > Family: Strabomantidae > Subfamily: Pristimantinae > Genus: Oreobates > Species: Oreobates discoidalis

Hylodes discoidalis Peracca, 1895, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Univ. Torino, 10 (195): 24. Syntypes: MZUT 427 (11 specimens), BMNH 1947.2.15.63–65 (formerly 1894.12.31.2–4), NHMW 16510.1–2 (according to Häupl, Tiedemann, and Grillitsch, 1994, Kat. Wiss. Samml. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 9: 25). MZUT An 427.1 designated lectotype by Cei in Gavetti and Andreone, 1993, Cat. Mus. Reg. Sci. Nat., Torino, 10: 129. Type locality: "Tucuman (Argentina)"; rendered in error as San Lorenzo, Argentina by Häupl, Tiedemann, and Grillitsch, 1994, Kat. Wiss. Samml. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 9: 25.

Eleutherodactylus discoidalis — Stejneger, 1904, Annu. Rep. U.S. Natl. Mus. for 1902: 582–583, by implication; Cei, 1956, Invest. Zool. Chilen., 3: 54.

Eleutherodactylus (Eleutherodactylus) discoidalis — Lynch, 1996, in Powell and Henderson (eds.), Contr. W. Indian Herpetol.: 154. Lynch and Duellman, 1997, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Spec. Publ., 23: 223.

"Eleutherodactylus" discoidalis — Heinicke, Duellman, and Hedges, 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Suppl. Inform., 104: 3.

Oreobates discoidalis — Padial, Chaparro, and De la Riva, 2008, Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 152: 743.

English Names

Tucuman Robber Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 74).

Distribution

Moderate elevations (960–1550 m) on the eastern flanks of the Andes in northern Argentina (Tucumán) and Bolivia (departments of Cochabamba, Chuquisaca, Santa Cruz, and Tarija). See comment regarding taxonomic ambiguity.

Comment

In the Eleutherodactylus discoidalis group of Lynch, 1989, Milwaukee Public Mus. Contrib. Biol. Geol., 79: 1–25, who provided an account. See account by Cei, 1980, Monit. Zool. Ital., N.S., Monogr., 2: 311–312. In the Eleutherodactylus (Eleutherodactylus) conspicillatus series, Eleutherodactylus discoidalis group of Lynch and Duellman, 1997, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Spec. Publ., 23: 223. See comment under Eleutherodactylus cruralis with which it has been confused. Köhler, 2000, Bonn. Zool. Monogr., 48: 114–115, provided brief comments. Heinicke, Duellman, and Hedges, 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104: 10092–10097, removed this species from nominal Eleutherodactylus but did not provide a new generic name. Padial, Köhler, Muñoz-Saravia, and De la Riva, 2008, Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 152: 353–365, reported on acoustic variation among members of the "Eleutherodactylus" discoidalis group. See account by Padial, Chaparro, and De la Riva, 2008, Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 152: 753–755. Akmentins, 2011, J. Nat. Hist., London, 45: 1789–1799, reported on the vocal repertoire. Ferro, Taffarel, Cardozo, Grosso, Puig, Suárez, and Akmentins, 2016, Comp. Cytogenet., 10: 141–156, reported on chromosome morphology of the Argentina populations. Akmentins, Boullhesen, García, and Martínez, 2022, S. Am. J. Herpetol., 25: 28–33, transferred the populations from Jujuy and Salta, Argentina, to Oreobates berdemenos on the basis of call structure. They did not report on the calls from the type locality of Oreobates discoidalis (Tucumán) or from populations assigned to this species from Bolivia. Both now require confirmation as does the taxonomic status of Oreobates discoidalis itself.

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