Oreobates heterodactylus (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Superfamily: Brachycephaloidea > Family: Strabomantidae > Subfamily: Pristimantinae > Genus: Oreobates > Species: Oreobates heterodactylus

Teletrema heterodactylum Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937, O Campo, 8: 67. Syntypes: MNRJ 206 (2 specimens); MNRJ 206A designated lectotype by Miranda-Ribeiro, 1955, Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, 42: 411; specimen noted as MNRJ 106A by Padial, Chaparro, and De la Riva, 2008, Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 152: 758. Type locality: "Matto-Grosso—Cáceres", Mato Grosso, Brazil. Emended to "Gruta Fazendinha, Cáceres, Mato Grosso", Brazil by Bokermann, 1966, Lista Anot. Local. Tipo Anf. Brasil.: 93.

Eleutherodactylus heterodactylus — Myers, 1962, Copeia, 1962: 198.

Eleutherodactylus crepitans Bokermann, 1965, Rev. Brasil. Biol., 25: 262. Holotype: WCAB 16144 (now in MZUSP), by original designation. Type locality: "São Vicente, Cuiabá, [Estado de] Mato Grosso, Brasil". Synonymy by Pansonato, Motta, Cacciali, Haddad, Strüssmann, and Jansen, 2020, J. Herpetol., 54: 393. 

Eleutherodactylus (Eleutherodactylus) heterodactylus — Lynch and Duellman, 1997, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Spec. Publ., 23: 225.

"Eleutherodactylus" heterodactylus — Heinicke, Duellman, and Hedges, 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Suppl. Inform., 104: 3.

Pristimantis crepitans — Heinicke, Duellman, and Hedges, 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Suppl. Inform., 104: Table 2.

Pristimantis (Pristimantis) crepitans — Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008, Zootaxa, 1737: 126.

Oreobates heterodactylus — Padial, Chaparro, and De la Riva, 2008, Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 152: 758.

Oreobates crepitans — Padial, Chaparro, Castroviejo-Fisher, Guayasamin, Lehr, Delgado C., Vaira, Teixeira, Aguayo-Vedia, and De la Riva, 2012, Am. Mus. Novit., 3752: 29.

Common Names

Caceres Robber Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 75).

Distribution

Known from semideciduous forest in Mato Grosso, western Brazil; Angel Sandoval and Cerro del Arco (Province Chiquitos), Department Santa Cruz, eastern Bolivia, 

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Bolivia, Brazil

Comment

Eleutherodactyus heterodactylus was not assigned to species group by Lynch, 1968, Copeia, 1968: 875–876, but was placed in the Eleutherodactylus (Eleutherodactylus) binotatus series, Eleutherodactylus binotatus group of Lynch and Duellman, 1997, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Spec. Publ., 23: 225. See discussion of Eleutherodactyus heterodactylus by Heyer and Muñoz, 1999, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 112: 1–18. Padial and De la Riva, 2005, J. Herpetol., 39: 372–379, described the advertisement call and provided a new record for Eleutherodactylus heterodactylus from Angel Sandoval, Department Santa Cruz, eastern Bolivia, and discussed the arguable relationships of this taxon. Heinicke, Duellman, and Hedges, 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104: 10092–10097, removed Eleutherodactylus heterodactylus from nominal Eleutherodactylus but did not provide a new generic name. See account of Pristimantis heterodactylus by Padial, Chaparro, and De la Riva, 2008, Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 152: 758–755. Padial, Chaparro, Castroviejo-Fisher, Guayasamin, Lehr, Delgado C., Vaira, Teixeira, Aguayo-Vedia, and De la Riva, 2012, Am. Mus. Novit., 3752: 30, implied that Oreobates heterodactylus may be a synonym of Oreobates crepitans once geographic variation is assessed. Pansonato, Motta, Cacciali, Haddad, Strüssmann, and Jansen, 2020, J. Herpetol., 54: 393–412, rediagnosed the species, made the synonymy, provided a phylogenetic analysis to place the species, and discussed misidentification in previous phylogenetic studies including this species. 

Eleutherodactylus crepitans was removed from the synonymy of Eleutherodactylus fenestratus by Heyer and Muñoz, 1999, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 112: 1, where it had been placed by Lynch, 1980, Am. Mus. Novit., 2696: 6. Padial and De la Riva, 2005, J. Herpetol., 39: 372–379, discussed Eleutherodactylus crepitans. Tenatively placed Pristimantis crepitans into the Pristimantis (Pristimantis) peruvianus species group by Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008, Zootaxa, 1737: 126, noting that Pristimantis crepitans may actually be in the Pristimantis conspicillatus group. Siqueira, Aguiar, Pansonato, Giaretta, Strüssmann, Martins, and Recco-Pimentel, 2009, Genet. Mol. Biol., 32: 47–476, reported on the divergent karyotype (at least when considered a Pristimantis) of Pristimantis crepitans and reported the species from a second locality. Padial, Chaparro, Castroviejo-Fisher, Guayasamin, Lehr, Delgado C., Vaira, Teixeira, Aguayo-Vedia, and De la Riva, 2012, Am. Mus. Novit., 3752: 29–30, provided information on Oreobates crepitans habitat and life history as well as assignment on the basis of molecular data to Oreobates. 

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