Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Pristimantis skydmainos (Flores and Rodriguez, 1997)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Superfamily: Brachycephaloidea > Family: Strabomantidae > Subfamily: Pristimantinae > Genus: Pristimantis > Species: Pristimantis skydmainos

Eleutherodactylus skydmainos Flores and Rodríguez, 1997, Copeia, 1997: 388. Holotype: MCZ 88304, by original designation. Type locality: "Cocha Cashu, Manu National Park, Departamento de Madre de Dios Perú, 380 m, 11° 51′ S, 71° 19′ W".

Eleutherodactylus karcharias Flores and Rodríguez, 1997, Copeia, 1997: 392. Holotype: MCZ 89075, by original designation. Type locality: "Alva, between Chachapoyas and Bagua Grande, Departamento Amazonas, Perú, 1000 m." Synonymy by Padial and De la Riva, 2005, Amphibia-Reptilia, 26: 553.

Pristimantis skydmainos — Heinicke, Duellman, and Hedges, 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Suppl. Inform., 104: Table 2.

Pristimantis (Pristimantis) skydmainos — Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008, Zootaxa, 1737: 120.

Common Names

Manu Robber Frog (Villacampa-Ortega, Serrano-Rojas, and Whitworth, 2017, Amph. Manu Learning Cent.: 88).

Distribution

Amazonian lowlands in central and southern Peru, Bolivia, and extreme western Brazil, and on the lower Amazonian slopes (up to 750 m) of the Cordillera Oriental in Peru and Ecuador.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru

Comment

In the Eleutherodactylus conspicillatus group, according to the original publication. De la Riva, Köhler, Lötters, and Reichle, 2000, Rev. Esp. Herpetol., 14: 57, and Köhler, 2000, Bonn. Zool. Monogr., 48: 69, consider this species possibly to occur in Bolivia. Padial, Gonzales-Álvarez, Reichle, Aguayo-Vedia, and De la Riva, 2004, Graellsia, 60: 170, reported the species in Departamento Pando, Amazonian Bolivia. Padial and De la Riva, 2005, Amphibia-Reptilia, 26: 553-556, discussed the taxonomic status of Eleutherodactylus karcharias and placed it in synonymy. Cisneros-Heredia, 2006, Check List, 2(2): 47-49, reported the species in the Amazonian lowlands of Ecuador. In the Pristimantis conspicillatus species group of Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008, Zootaxa, 1737: 120, and Padial, Grant, and Frost, 2014, Zootaxa, 3825: 125.Cisneros-Heredia, Armijos-Ojeda, and Valarezo, 2009, Herpetol. Notes, 2: 185-188, discussed the geographic and ecological range in Ecuador. See Duellman and Lehr, 2009, Terrest.-breeding Frogs in Peru: 240-241, for brief account. See brief account for the Manu region, Peru, by Villacampa-Ortega, Serrano-Rojas, and Whitworth, 2017, Amph. Manu Learning Cent.: 88–89. In the Pristimantis conspicillatus group, Pristimantis conspicillatus clade of Fouquet, Réjaud, Rodrigues, Ron, Chaparro, Osorno-Muñoz, Werneck, Hrbek, Lima, Camacho-Badani, Jaramillo-Martinez, and Chave, 2022, Syst. Biodiversity, 20(1: 2130464): 1–16, who reported on phylogenetics and biogeography, and caste doubt on the synonymy of Pristimantis karcharias.

External links:

Please note: these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the American Museum of Natural History. We are not responsible for their content.

For access to general information see Wikipedia
For additional sources of general information from other websites search Google
For access to relevant technical literature search Google Scholar
For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For additional information specific to Ecuador see FaunaWebEcuador: Anfibios del Ecuador
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.