Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Pristimantis vilarsi (Melin, 1941)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Superfamily: Brachycephaloidea > Family: Strabomantidae > Subfamily: Pristimantinae > Genus: Pristimantis > Species: Pristimantis vilarsi

Eleutherodactylus vilarsi — Stejneger, 1904, Annu. Rep. U.S. Natl. Mus. for 1902: 582–583, by implication; Gorham, 1966, Das Tierreich, 85: 108.

Hylodes vilarsi Melin, 1941, Göteborgs K. Vetensk. Vitterh. Samh. Handl., Ser. B, 1: 45. Syntypes: NHMG 491 (2 specimens); larger specimen designated lectotype by Lynch, 1975, Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 272: 10. Type locality: "Taracuá, Rio Uaupés, [Estado do Amazonas,] Brazil".

Hylodes roseus Melin, 1941, Göteborgs K. Vetensk. Vitterh. Samh. Handl., Ser. B, 1: 46. Holotype: NHMG 492, according to Duellman and Lehr, 2009, Terrest.-breeding Frogs in Peru: 253. Type locality: "Rio Uaupés (north of Rio Japú)", Brazil. Preoccupied by Hylodes roseus Boulenger, 1918. Synonymy by Lynch, 1975, Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 272: 10.

Eleutherodactylus roseus — Lutz and Kloss, 1952, Mem. Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 50: 646.

Eleutherodactylus brachypodius Rivero, 1961, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 126: 61. Holotype: MCZ 28568, by original designation. Type locality: "Upper Cunucunuma region, Territorio Amazonas . . . . either Casa de Julián or Marahuaca, 4,050 ft.", Venezuela. Synonymy by Lynch, 1975, Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 272: 10.

Eleutherodactylus conspicillatus ileamazonicus Rivero, 1961, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 126: 63. Holotype: MCZ 30397, by original designation. Type locality: "Temiche, Mt. Marahuaca, 4056 ft., S. Venezuela". Synonymy by Lynch, 1975, Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 272: 9.

Eleutherodactylus rosmelinus Gorham, 1966, Das Tierreich, 85: 96. Replacement name for Hylodes roseus Melin, 1944.

Eleutherodactylus conspicillatus guayanensis Rivero, 1968 "1967", Caribb. J. Sci., 7: 149. Syntypes: 3 specimens, labelled provisionally J.A. Rivero 33–35, presumably now in the UPRM. Type locality: "Monte Marahuaca, 4050 pies", southern Venezuela. Synonymy with Eleutherodactylus conspicillatus ileamazonicus Rivero, 1961 by Lynch, 1975, Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 272: 10, who mistakenly regarded the name as a nomen nudum.

Eleutherodactylus (Eleutherodactylus) vilarsi — Lynch and Duellman, 1997, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Spec. Publ., 23: 234.

Pristimantis vilarsi — Heinicke, Duellman, and Hedges, 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Suppl. Inform., 104: Table 2.

Eleutherodactylus stegolepis Schlüter and Rödder, 2007 "2006", Herpetotropicos, Mérida, 3: 90. Holotype: SMNS 8006.1, by original designation. Type locality: "Guaiquinima Tepui, Estado Bolivar, Venezuela, 5° 54′ N 63° 28′ W, 780 m elev., 'FUDECI Camp 3'". Synonymy by Kok and Barrio-Amorós, 2013, Zootaxa, 3694 : 75.

Pristimantis stegolepis — Myers and Donnelly, 2008, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 308: 147.

Pristimantis (Pristimantis) stegolepis — Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008, Zootaxa, 1737: 120.

Pristimantis (Pristimantis) vilarsi — Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008, Zootaxa, 1737: 120.

English Names

Rio Uaupes Robber Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 80).

Distribution

Upper Amazonian Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, and Peru.

Comment

In the Eleutherodactylus (Eleutherodactylus) conspicillatus series, Eleutherodactylus conspicillatus group according to Lynch and Duellman, 1997, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Spec. Publ., 23: 234. Reviewed by Lynch, 1980, Am. Mus. Novit., 2696: 17, who provided a synonymy. Rodríguez and Duellman, 1994, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Spec. Publ., 22: 62–63, provided a brief account for the Iquitos region of northeastern Peru as Eleutherodactylus vilarsi. See brief account by Lynch, 1994, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Exact. Fis. Nat., 19: 187–193. See comments regarding distribution of Venezuelan population by Gorzula and Señaris, 1999 "1998", Scient. Guaianae, 8: 54. Discussed and redescribed by Barrio-Amorós and Molina, 2006, Zootaxa, 1302: 1–20. In the Pristimantis conspicillatus species group of Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008, Zootaxa, 1737: 120, and Padial, Grant, and Frost, 2014, Zootaxa, 3825: 125. Heyer and Barrio-Amorós, 2009, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 122: 282–291, described the advertisement call. See Duellman and Lehr, 2009, Terrest.-breeding Frogs in Peru: 253–254, for brief account. Moraes, Almeida, Fraga, Rojas-Zamora, Pirani, Silva, Carvalho, Gordo, and Werneck, 2017, ZooKeys, 715: 103–159, reported on specimens of Pristimantis cf vilarsi from the Serra da Mocidade, state of Roraima, northern Brazil. See Barrio-Amorós, Rojas-Runjaic, and Señaris, 2019, Amph. Rept. Conserv., 13 (1: e180): 129, for comments on range and literature. Araujo de Oliveira, Alves da Silva, Guimarães, Penhacek, Martínez, Rodrigues, Santana, and Hernández-Ruz, 2020, PLoS One, 15 (3: e0229971): 1–28, reported on the advertisement call.

External links:

Please note: these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the American Museum of Natural History. We are not responsible for their content.

For additional sources of information from other sites search Google
For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist; for a quick link to their maps see iNaturalist KML
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.