Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Strabomantis sulcatus (Cope, 1874)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Superfamily: Brachycephaloidea > Family: Strabomantidae > Subfamily: Strabomantinae > Genus: Strabomantis > Species: Strabomantis sulcatus

Hylodes sulcatus Cope, 1874, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 26: 126. Holotype: ANSP 11385, according to Malnate, 1971, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 123: 353. Type locality: "Nauta", Departamento Loreto, Peru.

Eleutherodactylus macrocephalus — Stejneger, 1904, Annu. Rep. U.S. Natl. Mus. for 1902: 582–583, by implication; Peters, 1955, Rev. Ecuat. Entomol. Parsitol., 2: 348.

Hylodes macrocephalus Peracca, 1904, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Univ. Torino, 19 (465): 29. Syntypes: MZUT 206 (2 specimens); larger specimen designated lectotype by Lynch, 1975, Occas. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 38: 1–46. Type locality: "Valle Santiago", Morona-Santiago Province, Ecuador. Synonymy by Lynch, 1975, Occas. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 38: 33.

Ctenocranius koki Melin, 1941, Göteborgs K. Vetensk. Vitterh. Samh. Handl., Ser. B, 1: 49. Holotype: NHMG 494, according to Duellman and Lehr, 2009, Terrest.-breeding Frogs in Peru: 264. Type locality: "Taracuá, Rio Uaupés, [Estado Amazonas,] Brazil". Synonymy by Lynch, 1975, Occas. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 38: 33.

Eleutherodactylus koki — Myers, 1962, Copeia, 1962: 198, by implication.

Eleutherodactylus sulcatus — Gorham, 1966, Das Tierreich, 85: 103.

Eleutherodactylus (Eleutherodactylus) sulcatus — Lynch, 1996, in Powell and Henderson (eds.), Contr. W. Indian Herpetol.: 154; Lynch and Duellman, 1997, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Spec. Publ., 23: 233.

Limnophys sulcatus — Heinicke, Duellman, and Hedges, 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Suppl. Inform., 104: Table 2.

Strabomantis sulcatus — Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008, Zootaxa, 1737: 131.

Common Names

Nauta Robber Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 79).

Distribution

Upper Amazon basin (150–1100 m) in western Brazil, eastern Ecuador, and eastern Peru, into Amazonian southern Colombia (Caquetá, Vaupés, and Amazonas); expected in northern Bolivia.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru

Likely/Controversially Present: Bolivia

Comment

In the Eleutherodactylus (Eleutherodactylus) sulcatus series, Eleutherodactylus sulcatus group according to Lynch and Duellman, 1997, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Spec. Publ., 23: 233. See account by Lynch, 1975, Occas. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 38: 1–46. Duellman, 1978, Misc. Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 65: 102–103, provided a brief account and characterization of the call. Rodríguez and Duellman, 1994, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Spec. Publ., 22: 61, provided a brief account for the Iquitos region of northeastern Peru as Eleutherodactylus sulcatus. See account by Lynch, 1997, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Exact. Fis. Nat., 21: 366. In the Strabomantis biporcatus species series, Strabomantis cornutus species group of Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008, Zootaxa, 1737: 131. Malambo-L. and Madrid-Ordóñez, 2008, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Exact. Fis. Nat., 32: 285–289, provided a record for Municipio de Florencia, Cauquetá, Colombia, and briefly outlined the range in Colombia. See Duellman and Lehr, 2009, Terrest.-breeding Frogs in Peru: 264, for brief account. See brief account for the Manu region, Peru, by Villacampa-Ortega, Serrano-Rojas, and Whitworth, 2017, Amph. Manu Learning Cent.: 104–105. Metcalf, Marsh, Torres Pacaya, Graham, and Gunnels, 2020, Herpetol. Notes, 13: 753–767, reported the species from the Santa Cruz Forest Reserve, Loreto, northeastern Peru. Moraes, Rainha, Werneck, Oliveira, Gascon, and Carvalho, 2022, Pap. Avulsos Zool., São Paulo, 62(e202262054): 23–24, discussed specimens from the Reserva Extrativista do Baixo Juruá, Amazonas, Brazil. Gagliardi-Urrutia, García Dávila, Jaramillo-Martinez, Rojas-Padilla, Rios-Alva, Aguilar-Manihuari, Pérez-Peña, Castroviejo-Fisher, Simões, Estivals, Guillen Huaman, Castro Ruiz, Angulo Chávez, Mariac, Duponchelle, and Renno, 2022, Anf. Loreto: 194–195, provided a brief account, photograph, dot map, and genetic barcode for Loreto, Peru.

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To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For additional information specific to Ecuador see FaunaWebEcuador: Anfibios del Ecuador
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.