Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Strabomantis Peters, 1863

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Superfamily: Brachycephaloidea > Family: Strabomantidae > Subfamily: Strabomantinae > Genus: Strabomantis

16 species

Strabomantis Peters, 1863, Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1863: 405. Type species: Strabomantis biporcatus Peters, 1863, by monotypy. Synonymy with Hylodes by Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 198; with Eleutherodactylus by Dunn, 1931, Occas. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 5: 410. Treated a distinct genus by Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008, Zootaxa, 1737: 1

Limnophys Jiménez de la Espada, 1870, J. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat., Lisboa, 3: 59. Type species: Limnophys cornutus Jiménez de la Espada, 1870, by subsequent designation of Myers, 1962, Copeia, 1962: 195-202. Synonymy (with Strabomantis) by Jiménez de la Espada, 1872, An. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 1: 85. Synonymy (with Hylodes sensu lato) by Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 198. Removed from the synonymy of Eleutherodactylus by Heinicke, Duellman, and Hedges, 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104: 10092-10097, where it had been placed by Rivero, 1961, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 126: 55. Synonymy with Strabomantis by Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008, Zootaxa, 1737: 129.

Ctenocranius Melin, 1941, Göteborgs K. Vetensk. Vitterh. Samh. Handl., Ser. B, 1: 49. Type species: Limnophys cornutus Jiménez de la Espada, 1870, by original designation, although see identical subsequent designation of Myers, 1962, Copeia, 1962: 195-202. Synonymy with Eleutherodactylus by Myers, 1962, Copeia, 1962: 198, and Rivero, 1961, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 126: 55; by implication; with Limnophys by implication of Heinicke, Duellman, and Hedges, 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104: 10092-10097. Synonymy with Strabomantis by Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008, Zootaxa, 1737: 129.

Amblyphrynus Cochran and Goin, 1961, Fieldiana, Zool., 39: 543. Type species: Amblyphrynus ingeri Cochran and Goin, 1961, by original designation. Synonymy with Eleutherodactylus by Lynch, 1981, Caldasia, 13: 318; with Limnophys by implication of Heinicke, Duellman, and Hedges, 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104: 10092-10097. Synonymy with Strabomantis by Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008, Zootaxa, 1737: 129.

Common Names

None noted.

Distribution

Costa Rica through the wet tropics of Colombia, northern Venezuela, Ecuador, eastern Peru, and western Brazil.

Comment

Removed from the synonymy of Eleutherodactylus by Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008, Zootaxa, 1737: 129, where it had been placed by Rivero, 1961, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 126: 55. See discussion by Duellman and Lehr, 2009, Terrest.-breeding Frogs in Peru: 262-263. Köhler, 2011, Amph. Cent. Am.: 140–191, provided a key to the genera and species of Brachycephaloidea (= Craugastoridae, Eleutherodactylidae) in Central America and provided maps and photographs of the species, including the species of Strabomantis that penetrate that region. Padial, Grant, and Frost, 2014, Zootaxa, 3825: 1-132, transferred to the genus to Craugastorinae and recognized two species series, noted in the species records.

Contained taxa (16 sp.):

Strabomantis anatipes (Lynch and Myers, 1983)

Strabomantis anomalus (Boulenger, 1898)

Strabomantis biporcatus Peters, 1863

Strabomantis bufoniformis (Boulenger, 1896)

Strabomantis cadenai (Lynch, 1986)

Strabomantis cerastes (Lynch, 1975)

Strabomantis cheiroplethus (Lynch, 1990)

Strabomantis cornutus (Jiménez de la Espada, 1870)

Strabomantis helonotus (Lynch, 1975)

Strabomantis ingeri (Cochran and Goin, 1961)

Strabomantis laticorpus (Myers and Lynch, 1997)

Strabomantis necerus (Lynch, 1975)

Strabomantis necopinus (Lynch, 1997)

Strabomantis ruizi (Lynch, 1981)

Strabomantis sulcatus (Cope, 1874)

Strabomantis zygodactylus (Lynch and Myers, 1983)

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