- What is Amphibian Species of the World?
- How to cite
- How to use
- Structure of the taxonomic records
- Running log of additions and changes, 2025
- Logs of changes and additions, 2014–2024
- What is the right name?
- Curator's blog
- History of the project, 1980 to 2024
- Comments on amphibian taxonomy relating to versions 3.0 to 6.2 (2004 to 2024)
- Scientific Nomenclature and its Discontents: Comments by Frost on Rules and Philosophy of Taxonomy, Ranks, and Their Applications
- Contributors, online editions
- Contributors and reviewers for Amphibian Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (1985)
- Versions
- Museum abbreviations
- Links to useful amphibian systematic, conservation, collection management, informational, and/or regional sites
- Links to useful FREE library sites
- Copyright and terms of use
Firouzophrynus dhufarensis (Parker, 1931)
Bufo dhufarensis Parker, 1931, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 10, 8: 518. Holotype: BMNH 1947.2.21.66 (formerly 1931.7.16.1) according to Arnold, 1980, J. Oman Stud., Spec. Rep., 2: 275. Type locality: "Milwah Alaud (220 ft.)", 17° 08′ N, 54° 19′ E, 65 m elevation, Oman.
"Bufo" dhufarensis — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 363. Excluded from Bufo and unassigned to genus.
Duttaphrynus dhufarensis — Van Bocxlaer, Biju, Loader, and Bossuyt, 2009, BMC Evol. Biol., 9 (e131): 4.
Firouzophrynus dhufarensis — Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 447.
Common Names
Dhofar Toad (Hamdi and Fathy, 2021, Egypt. Acad. J. Biol. Sci. B. Zool., 13: 26).
Oman Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 41).
Distribution
Western mountains from vicinity of Mecca and into the Ha'il and Riyadh provinces of north-central to east-central Saudi Arabia south and to southern peripheral Arabia, including Yemen, the United Arab Emirates, Oman, and Masirah I.
Geographic Occurrence
Natural Resident: Oman, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen
Comment
In the Bufo arabicus (formerly Bufo orientalis) group of Tandy and Keith, 1972, in Blair (ed.), Evol. Genus Bufo: 160. In the Bufo stomaticus group of Inger, 1972, in Blair (ed.), Evol. Genus Bufo: 107. Arnold, 1980, J. Oman Stud., Spec. Rep., 2: 273–332, discussed this and other Arabian species, noting that Bufo dhufarensis is very similar to Bufo scorteccii Balletto and Cherchi, 1970. See account by Balletto, Cherchi, and Gasperetti, 1985, Fauna Saudi Arabia, 7: 335–343. Dubois, 1974, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris, Ser. 3, Zool., 213: 345–350, discussed previous confusion of this species with Bufo andersonii and Bufo stomaticus. See accounts by Leviton, Anderson, Adler, and Minton, 1992, Handb. Middle East Amph. Rept.: 142, and Schätti and Desvoignes, 1999, Herpetofauna S. Yemen and Sokotra: 32–33. Al-Shehria and Al-Saleh, 2010, J. King Saud Univ., Sci., 22: 73–76, reported on the karyotype. Cunningham and Wronski, 2010, Afr. Herp News, 52: 20–21, reported the species from the mountains north of Riyadh in the central Najd area and discussed the range. Portik and Papenfuss, 2015, BMC Evol. Biol., 15 (152): 1–19, confirmed the membership of this species in the Duttaphrynus stomaticus group. Alshammari and Ibnrahim, 2018, Adv. Bioresearch, Agra, 9: 165–177, reported on habitat and localities in the Ha'il Region of north-central Saudi Arabia. Al-Qahtani and Al-Johany, 2018, Saudi J. Biol. Sci., 25: 1380–1386, discussed and mapped this species in southwestern Saudi Arabia. Soorae, Els, Gardner, and El Alqamy, 2013, Zool. Middle East, 59: 229–234, reported on distribution and ecology in the United Arab Emirates and northern Oman. Hamdi and Fathy, 2021, Egypt. Acad. J. Biol. Sci. B. Zool., 13: 23–32, discussed presence and abundance in the Jizan region of extreme southwestern Saudi Arabia. Alrefaei, Fahad Albeshr, and Pizzio, 2022, J. King Saud Univ., Sci., 34 (101972): 1–5, reported on 16s mtDNA-confirmed records from Riyadh Province, Saudi Arabia. Els, Carranza, and Gardner, 2024, in J. A. Burt (ed.), Nat. Hist. Emirates: 523, commented (as Duttaphrynus dhufarensis) on the range in the United Arab Emirates and its conservation status. Al-Johany, Al-Qahtani, Al-Qarni, and Al-Osaimi, 2025, In Heatwole, Das, and King (eds.), Amphibian Biology. Volume 11, Part 8 (Status of Conservation and Decline of Amphibians: Eastern Hemisphere): 235–249, discussed habitat and conservation and provided photographs and polygon range maps for Saudi Arabia. Soorae, Ali, Carranza, and Haris, 2025, In Heatwole, Das, and King (eds.), Amphibian Biology. Volume 11, Part 8 (Status of Conservation and Decline of Amphibians: Eastern Hemisphere): 267–278, provided photographs and morphological description as well a discussion of habitat and conservation priorities in the UAE. Böhme and Koppetsch, 2025, In Heatwole, Das, and King (eds.), Amphibian Biology. Volume 11, Part 8 (Status of Conservation and Decline of Amphibians: Eastern Hemisphere): 279–294, reported on natural history, systematics, distribution, and conservation in Yemen. Gardner, 2025, In Heatwole, Das, and King (eds.), Amphibian Biology. Volume 11, Part 8 (Status of Conservation and Decline of Amphibians: Eastern Hemisphere): 295–301, reported on taxonomic history, distribution, and conservation in Oman.
External links:
Please note: these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the American Museum of Natural History. We are not responsible for their content.
- For access to general information see Wikipedia
- For additional sources of general information from other websites search Google
- For access to relevant technical literature search Google Scholar
- For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
- To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
- For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
- For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
- For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
- For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist