- Amphibian Species of the World on Twitter
- What is the right name?
- Curator's blog
- Running log of additions and changes, 2023
- Logs of changes and additions, 2014–2022
- How to cite
- How to use
- History of the project, 1980 to 2023
- Comments on amphibian taxonomy relating to versions 3.0 to 6.1 (2004 to 2023)
- Scientific Nomenclature and Its Discontents
- Structure of the taxonomic records
- Contributors and reviewers for Amphibian Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (1985)
- Contributors, online editions
- Versions
- Museum abbreviations
- Links to useful amphibian systematic, conservation, collection management, informational, and/or regional sites
- Links to useful FREE library sites
- Copyright and terms of use
Firouzophrynus hololius (Günther, 1876)
Bufo hololius Günther, 1876 "1875", Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1875: 569. Holotype: BMNH 1947.2.20.50 (formerly 1874.4.29.1297), according to A.G.C. Grandison in Inger, 1985, in Frost (ed.), Amph. Species World: 48. Type locality: "Malabar", India. Biju, 2001, Occas. Publ. Indian Soc. Conserv. Biol., 1: 8, noted the imprecision of this type locality, which could be anywhere within the entire region of the Western Ghats.
"Bufo" hololius — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 364. Excluded from Bufo and unassigned to genus.
Duttaphrynus hololius — Van Bocxlaer, Biju, Loader, and Bossuyt, 2009, BMC Evol. Biol., 9 (e131): 4.
Firouzophrynus hololius — Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 447.
English Names
Malabar Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 42).
Günther's Toad (Das and Dutta, 1998, Hamadryad, 23: 63).
Distribution
Central and northern Andhra Pradesh and central Telangana south to northeastern Tamil Nadu, eastern Kerala, Hyderabad, and southeastern Karnataka, South India.
Comment
See Daniel, 1963, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 60: 432, Pillai and Ravichandran, 1991, Rec. Zool. Surv. India, 88: 11–14, and Radhakrishnan and Ravichandran, 1999, Rec. Zool. Surv. India, 97: 203–204, for accounts. Dubois and Ohler, 1999, J. South Asian Nat. Hist., 4: 169, provisionally allocated this species to the Bufo stomaticus group. Biju, 2001, Occas. Publ. Indian Soc. Conserv. Biol., 1: 8, discussed the highly provisional nature of published ranges for this species, which he regarded to be known only from the holotype from a highly imprecise type locality. Dutta, 1997, Amph. India Sri Lanka: 46, and Chanda, 2002, Handb. Indian Amph.: 23–24, provided brief accounts. Das and Dutta, 2007, Hamadryad, 31: 154–181, noted no larval descriptions in the literature (as Bufo hololius). Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Gururaja, and Bhatta, 2009, Rec. Zool. Surv. India, Occas. Pap., 302: 4, regarded the range to include Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu. Chandramouli, Ganesh, and Baskaran, 2011, Herpetol. Notes, 4: 271–274, reported on color-in-life, morphology, and prelimary ecological observations. Ganesh, Kalaimani, Nath, and Kumar, 2013, Herpetotropicos, Mérida, 9: 5–8, reported on larval morphology. Srinivasulu, Ganesh, and Srinivasulu, 2013, J. Threatened Taxa, 5: 4784–4790, provided new records, provided a spot map, and commented on earlier misidentifications. Chandramouli and Kalaimani, 2014, Alytes, 31: 3–12, reported on larval morphology. Ganesh, Brihadeesh, Narayana, Hussain, and Kumar, 2020, Asian J. Conserv. Biol., 9: 71–78, discussed morphology, range, call, and breeding behavior. Srinivasulu and Kumar, 2022, J. Threatened Taxa, 14: 21268, reported the species from the state of Telangana, south-central India. Narayanan, Bhat, Paran, and Aravind, 2022, Curr. Herpetol., Kyoto, 41: 215–229, discussed the location of the type locality, provided new records, and provided distribution modelling predictions.
External links:
Please note: these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the American Museum of Natural History. We are not responsible for their content.
- For additional sources of information from other sites search Google
- For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
- To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
- For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
- For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
- For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist
- For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.