Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Firouzophrynus peninsularis (Rao, 1920)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Bufonidae > Genus: Firouzophrynus > Species: Firouzophrynus peninsularis

Bufo stomaticus peninsularis Rao, 1920, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 27: 126. Holotype: "in the Indian Museum"; ZSIC 19176 according to Chanda, Das, and Dubois, 2001 "2000", Hamadryad, 25: 104. Type locality: "Mavkote and Watekille, Coorg", India, the localities given for the "type and syntype" in the original; restricted to the holotype locality, "Mavkote, Watekolle, Coorg”, Karnataka, India by Chanda, Das, and Dubois, 2001 "2000", Hamadryad, 25: 104.

Duttaphrynus peninsularis — Bisht, Garg, Sarmah, Sengupta, and Biju, 2021, Zoosyst. Evol., Berlin, 97: 451.

Firouzophrynus peninsularis — Safaei-Mahroo, Ghaffari, and Niamir, 2023, Zootaxa, 5279: 20.

English Names

Peninsular Toad (Bisht, Garg, Sarmah, Sengupta, and Biju, 2021, Zoosyst. Evol., Berlin, 97: 460).

Peninsular True Toad (Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Deepak, and Kulkarni, 2023, Fauna India Checklist, vers. 5.0 : 2).

Distribution

Northeastern and southwestern Maharashtra south through central Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Telangana, and to southern Tamil Nadu, India.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: India

Endemic: India

Comment

Chanda, Das, and Dubois, 2001 "2000", Hamadryad, 25: 104, briefly noted the location and registration of the holotype. Removed from the synonymy of Duttaphrynus scaber, where it had been placed by implication of Srinivasulu, Ganesh, and Srinivasulu, 2013, J. Threatened Taxa, 5: 4789, by Bisht, Garg, Sarmah, Sengupta, and Biju, 2021, Zoosyst. Evol., Berlin, 97: 451–470, who reported on systematics, molecular markers, and comparative morphology, placed the species in the Duttaphrynus stomaticus group, illustrated and described the holotype, and noted that specimens of this species had been confused with Duttaphrynus olivaceus. Srinivasulu and Kumar, 2022, J. Threatened Taxa, 14: 21268, reported the species from the state of Telangana, south-central India. Safaei-Mahroo, Ghaffari, and Niamir, 2023, Zootaxa, 5279: 20, transferred the species from Duttaphrynus to Firouzophrynus on the basis of the assignment to the Duttaphrynus stomaticus group by Bisht, Garg, Sarmah, Sengupta, and Biju, 2021, Zoosyst. Evol., Berlin, 97: 451.

External links:

Please note: these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the American Museum of Natural History. We are not responsible for their content.

For additional sources of general information from other websites search Google
For access to relevant technical literature search Google Scholar
For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.