Incilius holdridgei (Taylor, 1952)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Bufonidae > Genus: Incilius > Species: Incilius holdridgei

Bufo holdridgei Taylor, 1952, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 35: 607. Holotype: KU 30885, by original designation. Type locality: "at an elevation of approximately 7500 ft [2272 m] on Volcán Barba, western slope", Cantón de Santa Barbara, Heredia Province, Costa Rica.

Cranopsis holdridgei — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 364.

Ollotis holdridgei — Frost, Grant, and Mendelson, 2006, Copeia, 2006: 558, by implication.

Incilius holdridgei — Frost, Mendelson, and Pramuk, 2009, Copeia, 2009: 418–419, by implication.

Common Names

Holdridge's Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 42).

Distribution

Lower montane zone of Volcán Barba, Costa Rica, 2000–2200 m elevation.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Costa Rica

Endemic: Costa Rica

Comment

Placed in the former Bufo guttatus group by Blair, 1972, Evol. Genus Bufo: 346. According to Savage, 1972, J. Herpetol., 6: 25, this species, together with Incilius fastidiosus and Incilius peripatetes, forms a group related to the lowland Incilius valliceps; subsequently referred to as the Bufo fastidiosus group by Savage, 2002, Amph. Rept. Costa Rica: 195–198, who provided an account. Lips and Savage, 1996, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 109: 17–26, included this species (as Bufo holdridgei) in a key to the tadpoles found in Costa Rica. See photograph, map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status (as Bufo holdridgei) in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 185. Abarca, Chaves, García-Rodríguez, and Vargas, 2010, Herpetol. Rev., 41: 150–152, provided the first record in 25 years. Mendelson, Mulcahy, Williams, and Sites, 2011, Zootaxa, 3138: 1–34, suggested that this species is a member of a monophyletic Incilius coniferus group that includes Incilius coniferus, Incilius chompipe, Incilius epioticus, Incilius fastidiosus, Incilius guanacastes, Incilius holdridgei, Incilius karenlipsae, Incilius periglenes, and Incilius peripatetes. Köhler, 2011, Amph. Cent. Am.: 104–115, compared this species to others in Central America and provided a range map and photograph.

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