Pedostibes tuberculosus Günther, 1876

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Bufonidae > Genus: Pedostibes > Species: Pedostibes tuberculosus

Pedostibes tuberculosus Günther, 1876 "1875", Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1875: 576. Syntypes: BMNH 1947.2.22.70–71 (formerly 74.4.29.1375–1376), according to Inger, 1985, in Frost (ed.), Amph. Species World: 72. Type locality: "Malabar", South India. Biju, 2001, Occas. Publ. Indian Soc. Conserv. Biol., 1: 8, noted the imprecision of this type locality, which could be anywhere within the entire region of the Western Ghats.

Nectophryne tuberculosa — Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 280.

Common Names

Malabar Tree Toad (Daniel, 1963, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 60: 431; Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 43; Das and Dutta, 1998, Hamadryad, 23: 64).

Warty Asian Tree Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 45).

Western Ghats Tree Toad (Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Deepak, and Kulkarni, 2023, Fauna India Checklist, vers. 5.0 : 3).

Distribution

Maharashtra to southern Kerala and adjacent southwestern Tamil Nadu in isolated montane rainforest localities in the Western Ghats, 300 to 1800 m elevation.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: India

Endemic: India

Comment

See brief accounts by Daniel, 1963, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 60: 431–432 (as Nectophryne tuberculosa), and Inger, Shaffer, Koshy, and Bakde, 1984, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 81: 409. See Biju, 2001, Occas. Publ. Indian Soc. Conserv. Biol., 1: 9, for statement of range. Dutta, 1997, Amph. India Sri Lanka: 54, and Chanda, 2002, Handb. Indian Amph.: 32–33, provided brief accounts. Daniels, 2005, Amph. Peninsular India: 116–117, provided an account. See photograph, map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 202. See comments on life history and morphology by Dahanukar, Padhye, Salelkar, and Ghate, 2004, Sauria, Berlin, 26: 17–20, who suggested that this name covers more than one species. Das and Dutta, 2007, Hamadryad, 31: 154–181, noted no larval descriptions in the literature.  Dinesh and Radhakrishnan, 2013, J. Threatened Taxa, 5: 4910–4912, provided a staged description of the larvae. Subramanian, Dinesh, and Radhakrishnan, 2013, Atlas of Endemic Amph. W. Ghats: 39, provided a very brief characterization, photograph, and dot map. Sivaprasad, 2013, Common Amph. Kerala: 36–37, provided a brief account, photograph, and dot map for Kerala. Sayyed and Nale, 2017, IRCF Rept. & Amph., 24: 193–196, provided a record from Maharashtra, India, and natural history notes. Dharwadkar, Bednarski, Inman, and Mallapur, 2019, Zoos' Print J., 34: 18–20, provided a dot map and added a new locality in Maharashtra, India. Sreekumar and Dinesh, 2020, Rec. Zool. Surv. India, 120: 33–40, discussed the range in Maharashtra, India, in terms of agro-climatic zones. Sandeep, Joelin, Sanil, and Antony, 2020, IRCF Rept. & Amph., 26: 250–252, provided a record from Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary, southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India. Aravind, Ravi, Afran, Padiyar, Thomas, Sharma, Hegde, Sayyed, Krishnan, Arathy, Aithal, Aravinda, Jain, Banu, Bagali, Tapley, Bhargavi, Phonde, Chandrashekar, Chinmayi, Clince, Ulla, Gujjarappa, Eshanya, Shetye, Joshi, Hegde, Nadaf, Gouda, Harikrishnan, Harish, Parab, Pai, Nag, Pavan Kumar, Karthik, Murthy, Mudke, Indulkar, Manjunath, Nackathaya, Mouliraj, Gosavi, Dharwadkar, Pai, Jajappagol, Bajantri, Pareekshith, Kallalli, Gond, Prashantha, Praveen, Priti, Badiger, Singal, Ramya, Suyesh, Sharma, Rohit, Solankar, Sawant, Seshadri, Jiddimani, Desai, Trasi, Yatagiri, Shreeram, Nayak, Sengupta, Rane, Mukherjee, Halali, Badal, Premkumar, Pandey, Venugopala, Kulkarni, Karthick, Sengotuvel, Kumar, Baliga, Ramanuj, Serrao, Vishwajith, Vishwanath, Divekar, Kalki, Gurjar, and Gururaja, 2024, Sci. Rep. (Nature, London), 14(18856): 1–20, discussed current distribution and future habitat models. 

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