Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Ikakogi tayrona (Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1991)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Centrolenidae > Genus: Ikakogi > Species: Ikakogi tayrona

Centrolene tayrona Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1991, Lozania, 58: 20. Holotype: ICN 12997, by original designation. Type locality: "Departamento de Magdalena, municipio de Santa Marta, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Serranía San Lorenzo, 4.6-5.5 Km abajo de la Estación experimental 'San Lorenzo' de INDERENA, parte N de la Sierra, ca. 11° 14′ Latitud N, 74° 23 W de Greenwich, 1720-1790 m."

Centrolenella savagei Harding, 1991, Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 103: 417. Holotype: KU 169753, by original designation. Type locality: "west slope of Cerro Kennedy, 4 km east of El Campano, Departamento del Magdalena, Colombia, 1420 m." Synonymy by Ruiz-Carranza, Ardila-Robayo, and Lynch, 1996, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Exact. Fis. Nat., 20: 373.

Ikakogi tayrona — Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009, Zootaxa, 2100: 43.

Common Names

Magdalena Giant Glass Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 46).

Distribution

Wet forests of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Department of Magdalena, Colombia, between 980 and 1790 m.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Colombia

Endemic: Colombia

Comment

In the Centrolene prosoblepon group according to the original publication. Considered a synonym of Hylopsis platycephalus Werner, 1894, by Lynch, 1981, J. Herpetol., 15: 283–291; this was rejected by McDiarmid and Savage, 1984, J. Herpetol., 18: 213–214, and Harding, 1991, Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 103: 413–418 (who showed that Hylopsis is a synonym of Sphaenorhynchus). Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Ayarzagüena, Trueb, and Vilà, 2008, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 48: 574–595, suggested on the basis of molecular evidence that Centrolene tayrona is the sister taxon of all other Centroleninae. Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009, Zootaxa, 2100: 1–97, retained this taxon outside of nominal Cenroleninae and Hyalinobatrachiinae due to its unstable position. See photograph, map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 212. Vargas-Salinas, Bravo-Valencia, and Amézquita, 2015, S. Am. J. Herpetol., 10: 65–70, reported on the advertisement call. Peréz-González, Castañeda-Bonilla, and Rueda-Solano, 2018, Catal. Anf. Rept. Colombia, Medellín, 4(1): 23–29, provided a detail account.

External links:

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For access to general information see Wikipedia
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For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist