Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Ameerega trivittata (Spix, 1824)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Superfamily: Dendrobatoidea > Family: Dendrobatidae > Subfamily: Colostethinae > Genus: Ameerega > Species: Ameerega trivittata

Hyla trivittata Spix, 1824, Animal. Nova Spec. Nov. Test. Ran. Brasil.: 35. Syntypes: Not specifically designated, but including animal figured in pl. 9, fig. 1 of the original publication; 6 specimens including ZSM 43/0 (reported found by Hoogmoed, 1986, Zool. Meded., Leiden, 60: 300) and RMNH 1836 according to Hoogmoed and Gruber, 1983, Spixiana, München, Suppl., 9: 367; RMNH 1836 designated lectotype by Hoogmoed and Gruber, 1983, Spixiana, München, Suppl., 9: 367. Type locality: "juxta flumen Teffé" (= Rio Tefé, Brazil).

Hyla nigerrima Spix, 1824, Animal. Nova Spec. Nov. Test. Ran. Brasil.: 36. Syntypes: 5 specimens presumably originally in the ZSM and including animal figured on pl. 9, fig. 2 of the original publication; syntypes in ZSM (now lost) and RMNH (exchanged from ZSM), of which RMNH 1799 designated lectotype by Hoogmoed and Gruber, 1983, Spixiana, München, Suppl., 9: 367. Type locality: "juxta pagum Ecgá" = Ega, Teffe, Brazil. Synonymy by Peters, 1872, Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1872: 213; Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 144; Hoogmoed and Gruber, 1983, Spixiana, München, Suppl., 9: 367.

Hysaplesia trivittata — Schlegel, 1826, Bull. Sci. Nat. Geol., Paris, Ser. 2, 9: 239.

Hysaplesia nigerrima — Schlegel, 1826, Bull. Sci. Nat. Geol., Paris, Ser. 2, 9: 239.

Dendrobates nigerrima — Wagler, 1830, Nat. Syst. Amph.: 202.

Dendrobates trivittatus — Wagler, 1830, Nat. Syst. Amph.: 202; Silverstone, 1975, Sci. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 21: 11; Myers, Daly, and Malkin, 1978, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 161: 332.

Dendrobates nigerrimus — Wagler, 1830, Nat. Syst. Amph.: 202.

Dendrobates obscurus Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gen., 6: 655. Holotype: MNHNP 4906, according to Guibé, 1950 "1948", Cat. Types Amph. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat.: 32. Type locality: unknown. Synonymy by Peters, 1872, Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1872: 212–213; Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 144; Cochran and Goin, 1970, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 288: 14; and Hoogmoed and Gruber, 1983, Spixiana, München, Suppl., 9: 367.

Hylaplesia trivittatus — Knauer, 1878, Naturgesch. Lurche: 112.

Dendrobates tetravittatus Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926, Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, 27: 180. Holotype: MZUSP. Type locality: "Obidos", Pará, Brazil. Synonymy by Bokermann, 1966, Lista Anot. Local. Tipo Anf. Brasil.: 34; Silverstone, 1975, Sci. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 21: 11.

Phyllobates trivittatus — Silverstone, 1976, Sci. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 27: 6.

Ameerega trivittata — Bauer, 1986, Ripa, Netherlands, November: 7.

Ameerega peruviridis Bauer, 1986, Ripa, Netherlands, November: 7. Holotype: Not stated or known to exist. Type locality: "in the Ucayali drainage of East Andean Peru". A synonym or nomen dubium according to Guillory, French, Twomey, Chávez, Prates, von May, De la Riva, Lötters, Reichle, Serrano-Rojas, Whitworth, and Brown, 2020, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 142 (106638): 1–13.

Epipedobates trivittatus — Myers, 1987, Pap. Avulsos Zool., São Paulo, 36: 303.

Phobobates trivittatus — Zimmermann and Zimmermann, 1988, Salamandra, 24: 125-160.

Ameerega trivittata — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 130, by implication; Grant, Frost, Caldwell, Gagliardo, Haddad, Kok, Means, Noonan, Schargel, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 299: 164.

Ameerega trivittata nassaui Ouboter and Jairam, 2012, Amph. Suriname: 96. Holotype: NZCS A2239, by original designation. Type locality: "Road on Nassau Mt.., NW Plateau, approx. 525 m, eastern Suriname".

Common Names

Three-striped Arrow-poison Frog (Cochran, 1961, Living Amph. World: 84; Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 50).

Three-striped Poison Frog (Walls, 1994, Jewels of the Rainforest: 26; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 50).

Orange-striped Poison Frog (Ameerega trivittata nassaui: Ouboter and Jairam, 2012, Amph. Suriname: 96).

Distribution

Guyana and Suriname and the Amazon drainage of Brazil, Peru, Bolivia (Pando), Colombia (Amazonas, Caquetá, Cauca, Putumayo, and Vaupés provinces), and Venezuela (states of Bolívar and adjacent Delta Amacuro; presumably to be found in Amazonian Ecuador and French Guiana.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela

Likely/Controversially Present: Ecuador, French Guiana

Comment

Rodríguez and Duellman, 1994, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Spec. Publ., 22: 19–20, provided a brief account as Epipedobates trivittatus. See De la Riva, Köhler, Lötters, and Reichle, 2000, Rev. Esp. Herpetol., 14: 30, for Bolivian record. See distributional comments regarding Venezuela by Gorzula and Señaris, 1999 "1998", Scient. Guaianae, 8: 26–27 (as Phobobates trivittatus). Schulte, 1999, Pfeilgiftfrösche: 169–180, provided an account. Barrio-Amorós and Fuentes-Ramos, 1999, Acta Biol. Venezuelica, 19: 2, reported the species for Venezuela but did not report a precise locality or location of voucher specimen. Lötters, Jungfer, Henkel, and Schmidt, 2007, Poison Frogs: 380-386, provided an account and placed this species in their Ameerega trivittata group. França and Venâncio, 2010, Biotemas, 23: 71–84, provided a record for the municipality of Boca do Acre, Amazonas, with a brief discussion of the range. Bernarde, Machado, and Turci, 2011, Biota Neotrop., 11: 117–144, reported specimens from Reserva Extrativista Riozinho da Liberdade, Acre, Brazil. See account for Surinam population by Ouboter and Jairam, 2012, Amph. Suriname: 92–101. See Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch, and Lathrop, 2013, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 125: 391, for brief account and records for Guyana. See Barrio-Amorós, Rojas-Runjaic, and Señaris, 2019, Amph. Rept. Conserv., 13 (1: e180): 51, for comments on range and literature. Guillory, French, Twomey, Chávez, Prates, von May, De la Riva, Lötters, Reichle, Serrano-Rojas, Whitworth, and Brown, 2020, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 142 (106638): 1–13, discussed the ambiguous phylogenetic placement. See Walls, 1994, Jewels of the Rainforest: 283, for a photograph of nominal Ameerega peruviridis. Señaris and Rojas-Runjaic, 2020, in Rull and Carnaval (eds.), Neotrop. Divers. Patterns Process.: 571–632, commented on range and conservation status in the Venezuelan Guayana. See brief account for the Manu region, Peru, by Villacampa-Ortega, Serrano-Rojas, and Whitworth, 2017, Amph. Manu Learning Cent.: 114–115. Metcalf, Marsh, Torres Pacaya, Graham, and Gunnels, 2020, Herpetol. Notes, 13: 753–767, reported the species from the Santa Cruz Forest Reserve, Loreto, northeastern Peru. Zapata-Hernández and Herrera-Lopera, 2021, Catal. Anf. Rept. Colombia, Medellín, 7: 1–7, provided a detailed review for Colombia and provided illustrations of color pattern variation, description of the advertisement call, natural history, and distribution map within that country. Gagliardi-Urrutia, García Dávila, Jaramillo-Martinez, Rojas-Padilla, Rios-Alva, Aguilar-Manihuari, Pérez-Peña, Castroviejo-Fisher, Simões, Estivals, Guillen Huaman, Castro Ruiz, Angulo Chávez, Mariac, Duponchelle, and Renno, 2022, Anf. Loreto: 66–67, provided a brief account, photograph, dot map, and genetic barcode for Loreto, Peru. Mayer, Böning, Lima, Krehenwinkel, Bitar, Bernarde, Veith, Souza, and Lötters, 2023, Salamandra, 59: 63–77, discussed mtDNA phylogeography of the species and a range map. Koch, Feldberg, Pinangé, Viana, Goll, and Traldi, 2023, Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 138: 304–317, reported on the cytogenetic differences among three of four morphotypes previously identified. Crnobrna, Santa-Cruz Farfan, Gallegos, López-Rojas, Llanqui, Panduro Pisco, and Kelsen Arbaiza, 2023, Check List, 19: 441, provided a record from Ucayali Department, central-eastern Peru.

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