Ameerega trivittata (Spix, 1824)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Superfamily: Dendrobatoidea > Family: Dendrobatidae > Subfamily: Colostethinae > Genus: Ameerega > Species: Ameerega trivittata

Hyla trivittata Spix, 1824, Animal. Nova Spec. Nov. Test. Ran. Brasil.: 35. Syntypes: Not specifically designated, but including animal figured in pl. 9, fig. 1 of the original publication; 6 specimens including ZSM 43/0 (reported found by Hoogmoed, 1986, Zool. Meded., Leiden, 60: 300) and RMNH 1836 according to Hoogmoed and Gruber, 1983, Spixiana, München, Suppl., 9: 367; RMNH 1836 designated lectotype by Hoogmoed and Gruber, 1983, Spixiana, München, Suppl., 9: 367. Type locality: "juxta flumen Teffé" (= Rio Tefé, Brazil).

Hyla nigerrima Spix, 1824, Animal. Nova Spec. Nov. Test. Ran. Brasil.: 36. Syntypes: 5 specimens presumably originally in the ZSM and including animal figured on pl. 9, fig. 2 of the original publication; syntypes in ZSM (now lost) and RMNH (exchanged from ZSM), of which RMNH 1799 designated lectotype by Hoogmoed and Gruber, 1983, Spixiana, München, Suppl., 9: 367. Type locality: "juxta pagum Ecgá" = Ega, Teffe, Brazil. Synonymy by Peters, 1872, Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1872: 213; Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 144; Hoogmoed and Gruber, 1983, Spixiana, München, Suppl., 9: 367.

Hysaplesia trivittataSchlegel, 1826, Bull. Sci. Nat. Geol., Paris, Ser. 2, 9: 239.

Hysaplesia nigerrimaSchlegel, 1826, Bull. Sci. Nat. Geol., Paris, Ser. 2, 9: 239.

Dendrobates nigerrimaWagler, 1830, Nat. Syst. Amph.: 202.

Dendrobates trivittatusWagler, 1830, Nat. Syst. Amph.: 202; Silverstone, 1975, Sci. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 21: 11; Myers, Daly, and Malkin, 1978, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 161: 332.

Dendrobates nigerrimusWagler, 1830, Nat. Syst. Amph.: 202.

Dendrobates obscurus Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gen., 6: 655. Holotype: MNHNP 4906, according to Guibé, 1950 "1948", Cat. Types Amph. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat.: 32. Type locality: unknown. Synonymy by Peters, 1872, Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1872: 212–213; Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 144; Cochran and Goin, 1970, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 288: 14; and Hoogmoed and Gruber, 1983, Spixiana, München, Suppl., 9: 367.

Hylaplesia trivittatusKnauer, 1878, Naturgesch. Lurche: 112.

Dendrobates tetravittatus Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926, Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, 27: 180. Holotype: MZUSP. Type locality: "Obidos", Pará, Brazil. Synonymy by Bokermann, 1966, Lista Anot. Local. Tipo Anf. Brasil.: 34; Silverstone, 1975, Sci. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 21: 11.

Phyllobates trivittatusSilverstone, 1976, Sci. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 27: 6.

Ameerega trivittataBauer, 1986, Ripa, Netherlands, November: 7.

Ameerega peruviridis Bauer, 1986, Ripa, Netherlands, November: 7. Holotype: Not stated or known to exist. Type locality: "in the Ucayali drainage of East Andean Peru". A synonym or nomen dubium according to Guillory, French, Twomey, Chávez, Prates, von May, De la Riva, Lötters, Reichle, Serrano-Rojas, Whitworth, and Brown, 2020, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 142 (106638): 1–13. 

Epipedobates trivittatusMyers, 1987, Pap. Avulsos Zool., São Paulo, 36: 303.

Phobobates trivittatusZimmermann and Zimmermann, 1988, Salamandra, 24: 125-160.

Ameerega trivittataFrost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 130, by implication; Grant, Frost, Caldwell, Gagliardo, Haddad, Kok, Means, Noonan, Schargel, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 299: 164.

Ameerega trivittata nassaui Ouboter and Jairam, 2012, Amph. Suriname: 96. Holotype: NZCS A2239, by original designation. Type locality: "Road on Nassau Mt.., NW Plateau, approx. 525 m, eastern Suriname".

English Names

Three-striped Arrow-poison Frog (Cochran, 1961, Living Amph. World: 84; Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 50).

Three-striped Poison Frog (Walls, 1994, Jewels of the Rainforest: 26; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 50).

Orange-striped Poison Frog (Ameerega trivittata nassaui: Ouboter and Jairam, 2012, Amph. Suriname: 96).

Distribution

Guyana and Suriname and the Amazon drainage of Brazil, Peru, Bolivia (Pando), Colombia (Amazonas, Caquetá, Cauca, Putumayo, and Vaupés provinces), and Venezuela (states of Bolívar and adjacent Delta Amacuro; presumably to be found in Amazonian Ecuador and French Guiana.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela

Likely/Controversially Present: Ecuador, French Guiana

Comment

 Rodríguez and Duellman, 1994, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Spec. Publ., 22: 19–20, provided a brief account as Epipedobates trivittatus. See De la Riva, Köhler, Lötters, and Reichle, 2000, Rev. Esp. Herpetol., 14: 30, for Bolivian record. See distributional comments regarding Venezuela by Gorzula and Señaris, 1999 "1998", Scient. Guaianae, 8: 26–27 (as Phobobates trivittatus). Schulte, 1999, Pfeilgiftfrösche: 169–180, provided an account. Barrio-Amorós and Fuentes-Ramos, 1999, Acta Biol. Venezuelica, 19: 2, reported the species for Venezuela but did not report a precise locality or location of voucher specimen. Lötters, Jungfer, Henkel, and Schmidt, 2007, Poison Frogs: 380-386, provided an account and placed this species in their Ameerega trivittata group. França and Venâncio, 2010, Biotemas, 23: 71–84, provided a record for the municipality of Boca do Acre, Amazonas, with a brief discussion of the range. Bernarde, Machado, and Turci, 2011, Biota Neotrop., 11: 117–144, reported specimens from Reserva Extrativista Riozinho da Liberdade, Acre, Brazil. See account for Surinam population by Ouboter and Jairam, 2012, Amph. Suriname: 92–101. See Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch, and Lathrop, 2013, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 125: 391, for brief account and records for Guyana. See Barrio-Amorós, Rojas-Runjaic, and Señaris, 2019, Amph. Rept. Conserv., 13 (1: e180): 51, for comments on range and literature. Guillory, French, Twomey, Chávez, Prates, von May, De la Riva, Lötters, Reichle, Serrano-Rojas, Whitworth, and Brown, 2020, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 142 (106638): 1–13, discussed the ambiguous phylogenetic placement. See Walls, 1994, Jewels of the Rainforest: 283, for a photograph of nominal Ameerega peruviridisSeñaris and Rojas-Runjaic, 2020, in Rull and Carnaval (eds.), Neotrop. Divers. Patterns Process.: 571–632, commented on range and conservation status in the Venezuelan Guayana. See brief account for the Manu region, Peru, by Villacampa-Ortega, Serrano-Rojas, and Whitworth, 2017, Amph. Manu Learning Cent.: 114–115. Metcalf, Marsh, Torres Pacaya, Graham, and Gunnels, 2020, Herpetol. Notes, 13: 753–767, reported the species from the Santa Cruz Forest Reserve, Loreto, northeastern Peru. Zapata-Hernández and Herrera-Lopera, 2021, Catal. Anf. Rept. Colombia, Medellín, 7: 1–7, provided a detailed review for Colombia and provided illustrations of color pattern variation, description of the advertisement call, natural history, and distribution map within that country. Gagliardi-Urrutia, García Dávila, Jaramillo-Martinez, Rojas-Padilla, Rios-Alva, Aguilar-Manihuari, Pérez-Peña, Castroviejo-Fisher, Simões, Estivals, Guillen Huaman, Castro Ruiz, Angulo Chávez, Mariac, Duponchelle, and Renno, 2022, Anf. Loreto: 66–67, provided a brief account, photograph, dot map, and genetic barcode for Loreto, Peru. Mayer, Böning, Lima, Krehenwinkel, Bitar, Bernarde, Veith, Souza, and Lötters, 2023, Salamandra, 59: 63–77, discussed mtDNA phylogeography of the species and a range map. Koch, Feldberg, Pinangé, Viana, Goll, and Traldi, 2023, Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 138: 304–317, reported on the cytogenetic differences among three of four morphotypes previously identified. Crnobrna, Santa-Cruz Farfan, Gallegos, López-Rojas, Llanqui, Panduro Pisco, and Kelsen Arbaiza, 2023, Check List, 19: 441, provided a record from Ucayali Department, central-eastern Peru. 

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