Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Ameerega Bauer, 1986

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Superfamily: Dendrobatoidea > Family: Dendrobatidae > Subfamily: Colostethinae > Genus: Ameerega

29 species

Ameerega Bauer, 1986, Ripa, Netherlands, November: 5. Type species: Hyla trivittata Spix, 1824, by original designation.

Phobobates Zimmermann and Zimmermann, 1988, Salamandra, 24: 134. Type species: Dendrobates silverstonei Myers and Daly, 1979, by original designation. Synonymy with Epipedobates by Myers, Paolillo-O., and Daly, 1991, Am. Mus. Novit., 3002: 18. Synonymy with Ameerega noted by Walls, 1994, Jewels of the Rainforest: 283. Synonymy with Ameerega by Grant, Frost, Caldwell, Gagliardo, Haddad, Kok, Means, Noonan, Schargel, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 299: 163.

Pseudendrobates Bauer, 1988, Het Paludarium, Netherlands, November: 2. Type species: Dendrobates silverstonei Myers and Daly, 1979, by original designation. Coined as a subgenus of Phyllobates. Objective synonym by reason of sharing the type species.

English Names

None noted.

Distribution

Mato Grosso do Sul and Goias, Brazil, north and northwest throughout the Amazonian South America, west to the foothills of the Andes in Bolivia to Venezuela.

Comment

See Grant, Frost, Caldwell, Gagliardo, Haddad, Kok, Means, Noonan, Schargel, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 299, for discussion of taxonomic history and revision. Roberts, Brown, von May, Arizabal, Schulte, and Summers, 2006, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 41: 149-164, discussed phylogeny of selected species (as Epipedobates). See comment under Colostethus. Pyron and Wiens, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 61: 543-583, in their study of Genbank sequences, confirmed the monophyly of this taxon, although suggesting that its recognition renders Colostethus paraphyletic; they also provided a tree of exemplar species. Guillory, French, Twomey, Chávez, Prates, von May, De la Riva, Lötters, Reichle, Serrano-Rojas, Whitworth, and Brown, 2020, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 142 (106638): 1–13, discussed phylogenetics within the genus based on ultraconserved genomic elements, redelimited the species groups.

Contained taxa (29 sp.):

Ameerega altamazonica Twomey and Brown, 2008

Ameerega bassleri (Melin, 1941)

Ameerega berohoka Vaz-Silva and Maciel, 2011

Ameerega bilinguis (Jungfer, 1989)

Ameerega boehmei Lötters, Schmitz, Reichle, Rödder, and Quennet, 2009

Ameerega boliviana (Boulenger, 1902)

Ameerega braccata (Steindachner, 1864)

Ameerega cainarachi (Schulte, 1989)

Ameerega flavopicta (Lutz, 1925)

Ameerega hahneli (Boulenger, 1884)

Ameerega ignipedis Brown and Twomey, 2009

Ameerega imasmari Brown, Siu-Ting, von May, Twomey, Guillory, Deutsch, and Chávez, 2019

Ameerega ingeri (Cochran and Goin, 1970)

Ameerega macero (Rodriguez and Myers, 1993)

Ameerega munduruku Neves, Silva, Akieda, Cabrera, Koroiva, and Santana, 2017

Ameerega panguana Brown, Siu-Ting, von May, Twomey, Guillory, Deutsch, and Chávez, 2019, Zootaxa, 4712

Ameerega parvula (Boulenger, 1882)

Ameerega pepperi Brown and Twomey, 2009

Ameerega petersi (Silverstone, 1976)

Ameerega picta (Tschudi, 1838)

Ameerega planipaleae (Morales and Velazco, 1998)

Ameerega pongoensis (Schulte, 1999)

Ameerega pulchripecta (Silverstone, 1976)

Ameerega rubriventris (Lötters, Debold, Henle, Glaw, and Kneller, 1997)

Ameerega shihuemoy Serrano-Rojas, Whitworth, Villacampa-Ortega, von May, Gutiérrez, Padial, and Chaparro, 2017

Ameerega silverstonei (Myers and Daly, 1979)

Ameerega simulans (Myers, Rodriguez, and Icochea, 1998)

Ameerega trivittata (Spix, 1824)

Ameerega yoshina Brown and Twomey, 2009

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