Limnonectes khasianus (Anderson, 1871)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Dicroglossidae > Subfamily: Dicroglossinae > Genus: Limnonectes > Species: Limnonectes khasianus

Pyxicephalus Khasianus Anderson, 1871, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 40: 23. Type(s): Not designated, presumably originally ZSIC. Type locality: "Khasi Hills", Meghalaya, India.

Rana khasiana — Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 34; Boulenger, 1890, Fauna Brit. India, Rept. Batr.: 444.

Rana laticeps Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 20. Syntypes: BMNH ("many spec.") and including animal figured on pl. 1, fig. 1 of original publication. Type locality: "Khassya" (= Khasi Hills, Assam) and "Bengal", India. Synonymy by Ohler and Deuti, 2013, Zoosystema, 35: 415. 

Polypedates affinis Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 21. Name attributed to Beddome, noted as a jar label name of the donor. Name suggested inadvertantly as a substitute name.

Rana (Rana) laticeps — Boulenger, 1920, Rec. Indian Mus., 20: 7.

Rana (Limnonectes) laticeps — Dubois, 1981, Monit. Zool. Ital., N.S., Suppl., 15: 239, by implication.

Limnonectes (Limnonectes) laticeps — Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 63.

Limnonectes (Limnonectes) khasianus — Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 63.

Limnonectes khasiensis — Dutta, 1997, Amph. India Sri Lanka: 131. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

English Names

Khasi Wart Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 100).

Khasi Hills Frog (Das and Dutta, 1998, Hamadryad, 23: 65; Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Gururaja, and Bhatta, 2009, Rec. Zool. Surv. India, Occas. Pap., 302: 27; Mathew and Sen, 2010, Pict. Guide Amph. NE India: 36).

Anderson's Khasi Hills Frog (Chanda, 2002, Handb. Indian Amph.: 116).

Corrugated Frog (Limnonectes laticeps [no longer recognized]: Kiew, 1987, Malayan Nat. J., 41: 422).

Flat-headed Frog (Limnonectes laticeps [no longer recognized]: Das and Dutta, 1998, Hamadryad, 23: 65; Mathew and Sen, 2010, Pict. Guide Amph. NE India: 38).

Broad-headed Frog (Limnonectes laticeps [no longer recognized]: Chanda, 2002, Handb. Indian Amph.: 119).

Southern Big-headed Frog Limnonectes laticeps [no longer recognized]: Nutphund, 2001, Amph. Thailand: 131).

Rivulet Frog Limnonectes laticeps [no longer recognized]: Chan-ard, 2003, Photograph. Guide Amph. Thailand: 116; Das, Jankowski, Makmor, and Haas, 2007, Mitt. Hamburg. Zool. Mus. Inst., 104: 151; Das, 2007, Amph. Rept. Brunei: 51).

Distribution

Isolated populations from Meghalaya (Khasi and Garo Hills) and Assam (Kaziranga National Park), India, to peninsular Thailand, and Sumatra (see comment). 

Comment

In the Limnonectes (Limnonectes) kuhlii group of Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 63. Removed from the synonymy of Limnonectes kuhlii by Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 63, where it had been placed provisionally by Boulenger, 1920, Rec. Indian Mus., 20: 66. Chanda, 2002, Handb. Indian Amph.: 116, provided a brief account (as Rana khasiana). Dutta, 1997, Amph. India Sri Lanka: 131, provided systematic comments, range, and brief bibliography. Mathew and Sen, 2010, Pict. Guide Amph. NE India: 36, provided a brief characterization. See accounts (as Rana laticeps) Boulenger, 1920, Rec. Indian Mus., 20: 67; Taylor, 1962, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 43: 405-407; Inger, 1966, Fieldiana, Zool., 52: 202-205; Bourret, 1942, Batr. Indochine: 282-284, and Berry, 1975, Amph. Fauna Peninsular Malaysia: 72-73.  Choudhury, Hussain, Buruah, Saikia, and Sengupta, 2002, Hamadryad, 26: 278, commented on the range in Assam, India (as Limnonectes laticeps). Chanda, 2002, Handb. Indian Amph.: 119, provided a brief account (as Rana laticeps). See brief account (as Limnonectes laticeps) and photo by Manthey and Grossmann, 1997, Amph. Rept. Südostasiens: 96-97. Nutphund, 2001, Amph. Thailand: 131, provided a brief characterization and photograph (which Ohler, 2003, Alytes, 21: 100-102, noted was of a Philautus sp.). Chan-ard, 2003, Photograph. Guide Amph. Thailand: 116-117, provided a very brief account, map for Thailand, and photograph (as Limnonectes laticeps). Dutta, 1997, Amph. India Sri Lanka: 132-133, provided (as Limnonectes laticeps) range and partial taxonomic bibliography. Das and Dutta, 2007, Hamadryad, 31: 154–181, noted a couple of larval descriptions of weak identification confidence in the literature (as Limnonectes laticeps). Das, Jankowski, Makmor, and Haas, 2007, Mitt. Hamburg. Zool. Mus. Inst., 104: 151, provided a brief description, as Limnonectes laticeps. Mathew and Sen, 2010, Pict. Guide Amph. NE India: 35-36, provided a brief characterization and photographs, as Limnonectes laticeps. Thong-aree, Chan-ard, Cota, and Makchai, 2011, Thailand Nat. Hist. Mus. J., 5: 99–106, reported (as Limnonectes laticeps) the species from Bala Forest, Narathiwat, extreme southern Thailand. Populations from Borneo have recently been assigned by Matsui and Nishikawa, 2014, Curr. Herpetol., Kyoto, 33: 135–147, to Limnonectes hikidai, which turns out on the basis of molecular data to not be particularly closely related to Limnonectes khasianus. Shahriza and Ibrahim, 2014, Check List, 10: 253–259, provided a photograph and brief natural history observations for a population (as Limnonectes laticeps) in Kedah, West Malaysia. Records from peninsular Malaysia and peninsular Thailand most likely are referable to Limnonectes deinodon, which was named by Dehling, 2014, Sauria, Berlin, 36: 17–30. Limnonectes deinodon isolates records for Limnonectes khasianus from the mainland and suggests that the Sumatra population deserves another look at its taxonomic status (DRF). Sumarli, Grismer, Anuar, Muin, and Quah, 2015, Check List, 11(4, Art. 1679): 8, reported specimens (as Limnonectes laticeps) from Mount Tebu, Lata Tembaka, base of Mount Lawit, and Lata Belatan, Terregganu, West Malaysia, and and reported on their morphology and habitat.

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