Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Limnonectes palavanensis (Boulenger, 1894)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Dicroglossidae > Subfamily: Dicroglossinae > Genus: Limnonectes > Species: Limnonectes palavanensis

Rana palavanensis Boulenger, 1894, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 6, 14: 85. Syntypes: BMNH (3` specimens), by original designation, these being 1947.2.1.94–96 (formerly 1894.7.26.53–55) according to museum records; BMNH 1947.2.1.96 designated lectotype by Dehling, Neokleous, Das, Grafe, Pui, and Hertwig, 2025, Zootaxa, 5650: 12. Type locality: "Palawan" I., Philippines.

Rana (Rana) palavanensis — Boulenger, 1920, Rec. Indian Mus., 20: 7; Van Kampen, 1923, Amph. Indo-Austral. Arch.: 183.

Rana microdisca palavanensis — Inger, 1954, Fieldiana, Zool., 33: 250.

Rana (Euphlyctis) microdisca palavanensis — Dubois, 1981, Monit. Zool. Ital., N.S., Suppl., 15: 239, by implication.

Euphlyctis palavanensis — Poynton and Broadley, 1985, Ann. Natal Mus., 27: 124, by implication.

Limnonectes (Limnonectes) palavanensis — Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 63.

Rana palavanensis — Inger and Voris, 1988, Copeia, 1988: 1060-1061.

Common Names

Palawan Guardian Frog (Dehling, Neokleous, Das, Grafe, Pui, and Hertwig, 2025, Zootaxa, 5650: 15).

Palawan Wart Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 100).

Smooth Guardian Frog (Das, Jankowski, Makmor, and Haas, 2007, Mitt. Hamburg. Zool. Mus. Inst., 104: 152; Das, 2007, Amph. Rept. Brunei: 53). Note: not applying to this species after 2025.

Smooth Guardian River Frog (Haas, Das, Hertwig, Bublies, and Schulz-Schaeffer, 2022, Guide to the Tadpoles of Borneo: 272). Note: not applying to this species after 2025.

Distribution

Palawan I., Philippines, 180 to 650 m elevation.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Philippines

Comment

Dehling, Neokleous, Das, Grafe, Pui, and Hertwig, 2025, Zootaxa, 5650: 1–80, restricted Limnonectes palavanensis to Palawan I., and named 7 species from the former Bornean components of the species' range (their Limnonectes palavanensis group); the result of this is that comparative statements made in earlier literature should be employed with caution (DRF).

In the Limnonectes (Limnonectes) microdiscus group of Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 63, who resurrected this species from subspecies status under Rana microdiscus, where it had been placed by Inger, 1954, Fieldiana, Zool., 33: 299, and Inger, 1966, Fieldiana, Zool., 52: 222. See account by Boulenger, 1920, Rec. Indian Mus., 20: 59. See identification table by Manthey and Grossmann, 1997, Amph. Rept. Südostasiens: 84–86, to compare this species with other ranids of the Sunda Shelf region. Malkmus, Manthey, Vogel, Hoffmann, and Kosuch, 2002, Amph. Rept. Mount Kinabalu: 145–147. Das, Jankowski, Makmor, and Haas, 2007, Mitt. Hamburg. Zool. Mus. Inst., 104: 152, provided a brief description. Das, 2007, Amph. Rept. Brunei: 53, provided a photograph and brief account. Haas, Das, Hertwig, Bublies, and Schulz-Schaeffer, 2022, Guide to the Tadpoles of Borneo: 272–106, summarized the knowledge of habitat, reproduction, larval morphology and coloration.

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