Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Limnonectes plicatellus (Stoliczka, 1873)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Dicroglossidae > Subfamily: Dicroglossinae > Genus: Limnonectes > Species: Limnonectes plicatellus

Rana plicatella Stoliczka, 1873, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 42: 116. Type(s): Not designated; ZSIC 9542 is holotype according to Sclater, 1892, List Batr. Indian Mus.: 5. Type locality: "either Penang itself or on the opposite coast of the Wellesley Province", Malaya, Malaysia.

Rana (Rana) plicatella — Boulenger, 1920, Rec. Indian Mus., 20: 7.

Rana (Euphlyctis) plicatella — Dubois, 1981, Monit. Zool. Ital., N.S., Suppl., 15: 239, by implication.

Euphlyctis plicatella — Poynton and Broadley, 1985, Ann. Natal Mus., 27: 124, by implication.

Limnonectes (Bourretia) plicatellus — Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 62.

Limnonectes (Elachyglossa) plicatellus — Ohler and Dubois, 1999, Zool. Scripta, 23: 276.

English Names

Penang Wart Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 100).

Rhinoceros Frog (Lim and Lim, 1992, Guide Amph. Rept. Singapore: 34; Chan-ard, 2003, Photograph. Guide Amph. Thailand: 120).

Big-headed Frog (Nutphund, 2001, Amph. Thailand: 128).

Penang Fanged Frog (Poyarkov, Nguyen, Popov, Geissler, Pawangkhanant, Neang, Suwannapoom, and Orlov, 2021, Russ. J. Herpetol., 28 (3A): 25).

Distribution

Yala and Narathiwat Provinces (peninsular Thailand) and peninsular Malaysia; Singapore.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Malaysia, Malaysia, West (Peninsular), Singapore, Thailand

Comment

See Boulenger, 1920, Rec. Indian Mus., 20: 53; Taylor, 1962, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 43: 401–405; Bourret, 1942, Batr. Indochine: 270–272; and Berry, 1975, Amph. Fauna Peninsular Malaysia: 85–86, for synonymy and discussion. Lim and Lim, 1992, Guide Amph. Rept. Singapore: 36, provided a brief account. See brief account and photo by Manthey and Grossmann, 1997, Amph. Rept. Südostasiens: 101. Chan-ard, 2003, Photograph. Guide Amph. Thailand: 120–121, provided a very brief account, map for Thailand, and photograph. Grismer, Chan, Grismer, Wood, and Ahmad, 2010, Russ. J. Herpetol., 17: 147–160, reported localities from the Banjaran Bintang Mountains, northwestern peninsular Malaysia. Thong-aree, Chan-ard, Cota, and Makchai, 2011, Thailand Nat. Hist. Mus. J., 5: 99–106, reported the species from Bala Forest, Narathiwat, extreme southern Thailand. Chan-ard, Cota, and Makchai, 2011, Amph. E. Region Thailand: 134, detailed the range in Thailand. Grismer, Chan, Grismer, Wood, and Ahmad, 2010, Russ. J. Herpetol., 17: 147–160, reported localities from the Banjaran Bintang Mountains, northwestern peninsular Malaysia. Lambertz, Hartmann, Walsh, Geissler, and McLeod, 2014, Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 172: 117–132, compared the head ornamentation of Limnonectes dabanus, Limnonectes gyldenstolpei, Limnonectes macrognathus, and Limnonectes plicatellus and suggested that the name Elachoglossa be restricted to this clade. Aowphol, Rujirawan, Taksintum, Chuaynkern, and Stuart, 2015, Zootaxa, 3956: 264, provided a molecular tree that suggests strongly that either nominal Limnonectes plicatellus is a species complex or that introgression has allowed Limnonectes macrognathus to infiltrate into Limnonectes plicatellus. Sumarli, Grismer, Anuar, Muin, and Quah, 2015, Check List, 11(4, Art. 1679): 9, reported specimens from the base of Mount Lawit, Terregganu, West Malaysia, and and reported on their morphology and habitat. See comments on morphology and natural history in West Malaysia by Chan, Muin, Anuar, Andam, Razak, and Aziz, 2019, Check List, 15: 1055–1069. Niyomwan, Srisom, and Pawangkhanant, 2019, Field Guide Amph. Thailand: 278–279, provided a brief account (description, photographs, habitat, and range) for Thailand (in Thai). Hong, Anuar, Grismer, and Quah, 2021, Check List, 17: 795, reported the species from Batu Hampar Recreational Forest, Kedah, West Malaysia. Figueroa, Low, and Lim, 2023, Zootaxa, 5287: 1–378, provided records, literature, and conservation status for Singapore.

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For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
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For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.