Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Gastrotheca testudinea (Jiménez de la Espada, 1870)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Hemiphractidae > Genus: Gastrotheca > Species: Gastrotheca testudinea

Nototrema testudineum Jiménez de la Espada, 1870, J. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat., Lisboa, 3: 62. Holotype: Not stated; given as MNCN 155 by Duellman, 1977, Das Tierreich, 95: 20; now MNCN 3510 according to González-Fernández, García-Díez, and San Segundo, 2009, Spixiana, München, 32: 273. Type locality: "in Ecuador; prope a monti olim ignivomo Sumaco"; given as "San José de Moti, Provincia Napo, Ecuador", by Duellman, 1977, Das Tierreich, 95: 20.

Nototrema viviparum Andersson, 1945, Ark. Zool., 37A(2): 82. Holotype: NHRM 1964 (10 specimens), according to Duellman, 1977, Das Tierreich, 95: 20. Type localities: "Baños, Rio Pastaza", Cerro Tungurahua, and "Watershed, Rio Pastaza", eastern Ecuador. Synonymy by Duellman and Fritts, 1972, Occas. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 9: 4.

Gastrotheca viviparum — Peters, 1955, Rev. Ecuat. Entomol. Parsitol., 2: 348.

Gastrotheca testudinea — Duellman, 1974, Occas. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 27: 4.

Gastrotheca (Opisthodelphys) testudinea — Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 31.

Gastrotheca (Gastrotheca) testudinea — Duellman, 2015, Marsupial Frogs: 389.

Common Names

Espada's Marsupial Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 53).

Distribution

Amazonian slopes of Andes in Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia at elevations of 700–2275 m; possibly extending into adjacent Colombia.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Ecuador, Peru

Comment

In the Gastrotheca ovifera group of Duellman, Maxson, and Jesiolowski, 1988, Copeia, 1988: 527–543. See De la Riva, Köhler, Lötters, and Reichle, 2000, Rev. Esp. Herpetol., 14: 30, for Bolivian record. See brief account by Köhler, 2000, Bonn. Zool. Monogr., 48: 93. In the Gastrotheca marsupiata group of Castroviejo-Fisher, Padial, De la Riva, Pombal, Silva, Rojas-Runjaic, Medina-Méndez, and Frost, 2015, Zootaxa, 4004: 1–72. See detailed account by Duellman, 2015, Marsupial Frogs: 389–394. Urgilés, Sánchez-Nivicela, and Cisneros-Heredia, 2017, Check List, 13(4): 121–125, provided notes on the distribution in Ecuador. See comments by Székely, Eguiguren, Ordóñez-Delgado, Armijos-Ojeda, and Székely, 2020, PLoS One, 15(9: e0238306): 52, regarding the population in the Abra de Zamora, Ecuador.

External links:

Please note: these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the American Museum of Natural History. We are not responsible for their content.

For access to general information see Wikipedia
For additional sources of general information from other websites search Google
For access to relevant technical literature search Google Scholar
For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For additional information specific to Ecuador see FaunaWebEcuador: Anfibios del Ecuador
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.