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Boana boans (Linnaeus, 1758)
Rana boans Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., Ed. 10, 1: 213. Syntypes: NHRM 157 and ZIUU 27, as well as specimens noted by indication, including animal figured by Seba, 1734, Locuplet. Rer. Nat. Thesaur. Descript. Icon. Exp. Univ. Phys. Hist., 1: pl. 71, fig. 3–4; (See Seba, 1734, Locuplet. Rer. Nat. Thesaur. Descript. Icon. Exp. Univ. Phys. Hist., 1 for image of NHRM type.) ZIUU 27 invalidly designated lectotype by implication by Mertens, 1940, Zool. Anz., 132: 195; designation of RMNH 16603 as neotype by Duellman, 1971, Herpetologica, 27: 399, is invalid, according to Mertens, 1972, Senckenb. Biol., 53: 197–198, Duellman, 1977, Das Tierreich, 95: 39, Böhme, 1981, Bonn. Zool. Beitr., 32: 283–295, who Böhme, 2014, Mertensiella, 21: 97, noted that NHRM 157, is a specimen of Hyla leucophyllata. Type locality: "America". Invalid neotype from "Brownsweg, Brokopondo, Surinam". Placed on the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology by Opinion 1029, Anonymous, 1974, Bull. Zool. Nomencl., 31: 188-189. See comment under Hyla leucophyllata.
Rana maxima Laurenti, 1768, Spec. Med. Exhib. Synops. Rept.: 32. Type(s): Including frog figured by Seba, 1734, Locuplet. Rer. Nat. Thesaur. Descript. Icon. Exp. Univ. Phys. Hist., 1: pl. 72, fig. 3; ZMUU 27 designated neotype by Duellman, 1977, Das Tierreich, 95: 39. Type locality: Not stated. Synonymy with Hyla palmata by Daudin, 1802 "An. XI", Hist. Nat. Rain. Gren. Crap., Quarto: 38, and Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gen., 6: 544; with Hyla boans by Andersson, 1900, Bih. K. Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Handl., 26: 17; Rivero, 1961, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 126: 96; Duellman, 1971, Herpetologica, 27: 398.
Rana palmata Lacépède, 1788, Hist. Nat. Quadrup. Ovip. Serpens, 16mo ed., 2: 297, 458; Lacépède, 1788, Hist. Nat. Quadrup. Ovip. Serpens, Quarto ed., 1: Table following page 618 and referencing account starting on page 538. Substitute name for Rana maxima Laurenti, 1768. Rejected as published in a nonbinominal work by Opinion 2104, Anonymous, 2005, Bull. Zool. Nomencl., 62: 55.
Rana palmata Bonnaterre, 1789, Tab. Encyclop. Method. Trois Reg. Nat., Erp.: 1. Substitute name for Rana maxima Laurenti, 1768.
Calamita maximus — Schneider, 1799, Hist. Amph. Nat.: 163.
Calamita boans — Schneider, 1799, Hist. Amph. Nat.: 164. Based on specimens of Phrynohyas venulosa according to Daudin, 1802 "An. XI", Hist. Nat. Rain. Gren. Crap., Quarto: 55, and Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 365.
Hyla boans — Daudin, 1800, Hist. Nat. Quad. Ovip., Livr. 1: 11; Daudin, 1802 "An. XI", Hist. Nat. Rain. Gren. Crap., Quarto: 31; Daudin, 1803 "An. XI", Hist. Nat. Gen. Part. Rept., 8: 64.
Hyla palmata Latreille In Sonnini de Manoncourt and Latreille, 1801 "An. X", Hist. Nat. Rept., 2: 173. Syntypes: MNHNP and frog illustrated by Seba, 1734, Locuplet. Rer. Nat. Thesaur. Descript. Icon. Exp. Univ. Phys. Hist., 1: pl. 72, fig. 3. Type locality: "la Caroline et en Virginie", in error, according to Duellman, 1977, Das Tierreich, 95: 39. Synonymy by Günther, 1859 "1858", Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus.: 99.
Rana zebra Shaw, 1802, Gen. Zool., 3(1): 123. Substitute name for Rana maxima Laurenti, 1768. Synonymy by Schinz, 1822, Thierr. Naturgesch., 2: 168.
Hyla palmata — Daudin, 1802 "An. XI", Hist. Nat. Rain. Gren. Crap., Quarto: 38.
Hyla maxima — Oken, 1816, Lehrb. Naturgesch., 3(2): 223; Günther, 1859 "1858", Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus.: 99.
Calamita boans — Merrem, 1820, Tent. Syst. Amph.: 173.
Calamita palmatus — Merrem, 1820, Tent. Syst. Amph.: 173.
Boana boans — Gray, 1825, Ann. Philos., London, Ser. 2, 10: 214.
Hypsiboas palmata — Wagler, 1830, Nat. Syst. Amph.: 200.
Hypsiboas palmatus — Tschudi, 1838, Classif. Batr.: 72.
Lobipes palmata — Fitzinger, 1843, Syst. Rept.: 30.
Hyla (Hylomedusa) palmata — Burmeister, 1856, Erläut. Fauna Brasil.: 102.
Cinclidium granulatum Cope, 1867, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Ser. 2, 6: 202. Holotype: Not designated, presumably ANSP. Type locality: "Surinam". Synonymy by Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 349.
Hyla lactea Lönnberg, 1896, Bih. K. Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Handl., 22: 13. Substitute name for Rana boans Linnaeus. Based on Rana lactea Linnaeus, 1754, Mus. Adophi Friderici, 1: 47, and considered by him to be a junior synonym of Rana maxima Laurenti, 1768. Synonymy by Andersson, 1900, Bih. K. Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Handl., 26: 17. Junior homonym of Hyla lactea Daudin, 1802, and Hyla lactea Laurenti, 1768.
Hyla daudini Lutz, 1973, Brazil. Spec. Hyla: 41. Replacement name for "Hyla boans Daudin" (Lutz's name actually based on specimens of Hyla multifasciata according to Lescure, 1976, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris, Ser. 3, Zool., 377: 496).
Hypsiboas boans — Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell, and Wheeler, 2005, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 294: 89.
Boana boans — Dubois, 2017, Bionomina, 11: 28.
Common Names
Zebra Frog (Rana zebra [no longer recognized]: Shaw, 1802, Gen. Zool., 3(1): 114).
Giant Treefrog (Hyla maxima [no longer recognized]: Cochran, 1961, Living Amph. World: 129; (Hyla boans) Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 55).
Duck-footed Frog (Rana maxima [no longer recognized] Lacépède, 1802, Nat. Hist. Ovip. Quadruped. (Kerr transl.): 239).
Rusty Treefrog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 54; Hedges, Powell, Henderson, Hanson, and Murphy, 2019, Caribb. Herpetol., 67: 13).
Giant Gladiator Treefrog (Barrio-Amorós, 2001, Herpetol. Rev., 32: 113).
Distribution
Amazon Basin of Bolivia, Brazil (northeastern Amazonas), Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia; upper Orinoco and Magdalena Basins, Guianas (to Amapa, Brazil), and Pacific lowlands of Colombia and adjacent Ecuador in South America; eastern Panama; Trinidad.
Geographic Occurrence
Natural Resident: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela
Comment
In the Hypsiboas semilineatus group of Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell, and Wheeler, 2005, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 294: 88–89. See Duellman, 1970, Monogr. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas: 253–258, Duellman, 1971, Herpetologica, 27: 398, and Mertens, 1972, Senckenb. Biol., 53: 197–198. Duellman, 1978, Misc. Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 65: 131–132, provided a brief account including characterization of call and tadpole. Zimmerman, 1983, Herpetologica, 39: 235–246, and Zimmerman and Bogart, 1984, Acta Amazonica, 14: 473–520, reported on vocalization. See Hoogmoed, 1990, Zool. Meded., Leiden, 64: 71–93, for a taxonomic redefinition and refinement of known distribution. Regardless of the fact that Lutz, 1973, had specimens of Hyla multifasciata in front of her (according to Lescure, 1976, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris, Ser. 3, Zool., 377: 496) when coining a replacement name for "Hyla boans Daudin", her nomenclatural act of providing a replacement name for Hyla boans Daudin, requires the placement of Hyla daudini Lutz, 1973, in this synonymy. Rodríguez and Duellman, 1994, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Spec. Publ., 22: 24–25, provided a brief account as Hyla boans for northeastern Peru. Duellman, 1997, Sci. Pap. Nat. Hist. Mus. Univ. Kansas, 2: 14–15, commented on a population in southern Venezuela. De la Riva, Köhler, Lötters, and Reichle, 2000, Rev. Esp. Herpetol., 14: 32, considered the species to occur in tropical South America and especially in Bolivia, implicitly not accepting the restriction of geographic distribution by Hoogmoed, 1990, Zool. Meded., Leiden, 64: 71–93. Lescure and Marty, 2000, Collect. Patrimoines Nat., Paris, 45: 116–117, provided a brief account and photo. Lynch and Suárez-Mayorga, 2001, Caldasia, 23: 491–507, discussed the Colombian range of the species. Kenny, 1969, Stud. Fauna Curaçao and other Caribb. Is., 29: 47–49 (as Hyla maxima) and Murphy, 1997, Amph. Rept. Trinidad Tobago: 65–66, provided accounts for the Trinidad and Tobago populations. See comments regarding variation in reproductive strategy correlated with elevation by Gorzula and Señaris, 1999 "1998", Scient. Guaianae, 8: 28–29. C. Barrio-Amorós (personal commun.) regards this as a complex of species and reported this nominal species from the Venezuelan Andean foothills (Barrio-Amorós, 1999, Herpetol. Rev., 30: 230; Barrio-Amorós, 2001, Herpetol. Rev., 32: 113–114) demonstrating a possible connection between lowland populations. Duellman, 2005, Cusco Amazonico: 198–200, provided an account (adult and larval morphology, description of the call, life history). Kok and Kalamandeen, 2008, Intr. Taxon. Amph. Kaieteur Natl. Park: 164–165, provided an account. MacCulloch and Lathrop, 2009, R. Ontario Mus. Contrib. Sci., 4: 13, commented on specimens from Mount Ayanganna, Guyana. Bernarde, Machado, and Turci, 2011, Biota Neotrop., 11: 117–144, reported specimens from Reserva Extrativista Riozinho da Liberdade, Acre, Brazil. Lynch and Suárez-Mayorga, 2011, Caldasia, 33: 235–270, illustrated the tadpole and included the species in a key to the tadpoles of Amazonian Colombia. See account for Suriname population by Ouboter and Jairam, 2012, Amph. Suriname: 130–133. See Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch, and Lathrop, 2013, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 125: 402–403, for brief account and records for Guyana. Köhler, 2011, Amph. Cent. Am.: 232–235, provided a brief summary of natural history for the species of Hypsiboas in Central America and provided a range map and photograph for this species. Ovalle-Pacheco, Camacho-Rozo, and Arroyo, 2019, Check List, 15: 396, reported the species from Boyacá, Colombia, and commented on the range in Colombia. Señaris, Lampo, Rojas-Runjaic, and Barrio-Amorós, 2014, Guía Ilust. Anf. Parque Nac. Canaima: 146–147, provided a photograph and a brief account for the Parque Nacional de Canaima, Venezuela. See Barrio-Amorós, Rojas-Runjaic, and Señaris, 2019, Amph. Rept. Conserv., 13 (1: e180): 63, for comments on range and literature and noting that this species is frequently confused in collections with Boana wavrini. Fouquet, Vidal, and Dewynter, 2019, Zoosystema, 41: 369, noted that without a definite type locality or type material (but see synonymy above) application of the name to any specific population renders identification from French Guiana problematic. For identification of larvae (as Hyla boans) in central Amazonia, Brazil, see Hero, 1990, Amazoniana, 11: 201–262. Señaris and Rojas-Runjaic, 2020, in Rull and Carnaval (eds.), Neotrop. Divers. Patterns Process.: 571–632, commented on range and conservation status in the Venezuelan Guayana. Camacho-Durán and Jiménez, 2019, Catal. Anf. Rept. Colombia, Medellín, 5(2): 8–17, provided a detailed account for Colombia. See brief account for the Manu region, Peru, by Villacampa-Ortega, Serrano-Rojas, and Whitworth, 2017, Amph. Manu Learning Cent.: 156–157 (as Hypsiboas boans). Metcalf, Marsh, Torres Pacaya, Graham, and Gunnels, 2020, Herpetol. Notes, 13: 753–767, reported the species from the Santa Cruz Forest Reserve, Loreto, northeastern Peru. Taucce, Costa-Campos, Carvalho, and Michalski, 2022, Eur. J. Taxon., 836: 96–130, reported on distribution, literature, and conservation status for Amapá, Brazil. Schiesari, Rossa-Feres, Menin, and Hödl, 2022, Zootaxa, 5223: 39–40, detailed larval and metamorph morphology and natural history in central Amazonia, Brazil. Gagliardi-Urrutia, García Dávila, Jaramillo-Martinez, Rojas-Padilla, Rios-Alva, Aguilar-Manihuari, Pérez-Peña, Castroviejo-Fisher, Simões, Estivals, Guillen Huaman, Castro Ruiz, Angulo Chávez, Mariac, Duponchelle, and Renno, 2022, Anf. Loreto: 86–87, provided a brief account, photograph, dot map, and genetic barcode for Loreto, Peru. Crnobrna, Santa-Cruz Farfan, Gallegos, López-Rojas, Llanqui, Panduro Pisco, and Kelsen Arbaiza, 2023, Check List, 19: 443, provided a record from Ucayali Department, central-eastern Peru.
External links:
Please note: these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the American Museum of Natural History. We are not responsible for their content.
- For access to general information see Wikipedia
- For additional sources of general information from other websites search Google
- For access to relevant technical literature search Google Scholar
- For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
- To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
- For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
- For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
- For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
- For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
- For additional information specific to Ecuador see FaunaWebEcuador: Anfibios del Ecuador
- For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.