Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Boana polytaenia (Cope, 1870)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Hylidae > Subfamily: Hylinae > Genus: Boana > Species: Boana polytaenia

Hyla polytaenia Cope, 1870 "1869", Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., 11: 164. Holotype: MCZ 906 according to the original publication. Now renumbered MCZ 1544, but including two specimens according to Barbour and Loveridge, 1929, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69: 280. Type locality: "Brazil".

Hyla striata Peters, 1872, Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1872: 681. Syntypes: ZMB 7465 (2 specimens) according to Duellman, 1977, Das Tierreich, 95: 86, and Bauer, Günther, and Klipfel, 1995, in Bauer et al. (eds.), Herpetol. Contr. W.C.H. Peters: 42. Type locality: "Neu-Freiburg" (= Novo Friburgo), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; by implication. Synonymy by Cope, 1875 "1876", J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Ser. 2, 8: 106; Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 394.

Hyla polytaenia — Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 394.

Hyla polytaenia polytaenia — Lutz, 1968, Pearce-Sellards Ser., 12: 9.

Hypsiboas polytaenius — Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell, and Wheeler, 2005, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 294: 88.

Boana polytaenia — Dubois, 2017, Bionomina, 11: 28.

Common Names

Cope's Eastern Paraguay Treefrog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 57).

Distribution

Southern sector of the Mantiqueira and in the Serra do Mar mountain ranges of Rio de Janeiro and southern Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Brazil

Endemic: Brazil

Comment

In the Hyla pulchella group, Hyla polytaenia clade of Faivovich, Garcia, Ananias, Lanari, Basso, and Wheeler, 2004, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 32: 944. See Hypsiboas goiana and Hypsiboas cipoensis. Cei, 1980, Monit. Zool. Ital., N.S., Monogr., 2: 479–480. See comment under Hypsiboas caingua. See Cruz and Caramaschi, 1998, Bol. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, N.S., Zool., 392: 1–19, for account and redefinition. In the Hypsiboas pulchellus group of Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell, and Wheeler, 2005, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 294: 87–88. Brusquetti and Lavilla, 2006, Cuad. Herpetol., 20: 22–23, suggested that earlier reports of this species in Paraguary are based on misidentified Hypsiboas caingua. Orrico and Luna-Dias, 2006, Herpetol. Rev., 37: 358, provided (as Boana beckeri) a new locality in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Orrico, Mongin, and Carvalho-e-Silva, 2007, Zootaxa, 1531: 25–37, reported (as Boana latistriata) on larval morphology. Canelas and Bertoluci, 2007, Iheringia, Zool., 97: 21–26, provided a record for the Serra do Caraça, southern end of the Serra do Espinhaço, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Orrico, Mongin, and Carvalho-e-Silva, 2007, Zootaxa, 1531: 25–37, reported on larval morphology. Acioli and Toledo, 2008, Check List, 4: 182–184, discussed and described advertisement call, range (as Boana beckeri), and provided a new record for southern Minas Gerais, Brazil, as well as describing the advertisement call. Cruz, Feio, and Caramaschi, 2009, Anf. Ibitipoca: 96–97, provided photographs and a brief account for Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Pinheiro, Pezzuti, and Garcia, 2012, S. Am. J. Herpetol., 7: 123–133, reported on larval morphology and vocalizations. Martins, Giaretta, Carvalho, and Miwa, 2016, Phyllomedusa, 15: 51–64, reported on vocalizations (as Boana beckeri) and provided a record from the state of São Paulo (Municipality of Águas da Prata). Luna-Dias, Ruggeri, and Carvalho-e-Silva, 2019, Herpetol. Notes, 12: 537–542, reported (as Boana bandeirantes) on larval oral cavity morphology and provided a record for the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Luna-Dias and Carvalho-e-Silva, 2019, ZooKeys, 820: 83–94, reported (as Boana latistriata) on calls. Luna-Dias, Ruggeri, and Carvalho-e-Silva, 2019, Herpetol. Notes, 12: 537–542, reported on larval oral cavity morphology. Eterovick, Souza, and Sazima, 2020, Anf. Serra do Cipó: 1–292, provided an account, life history information, and an identification scheme for the Serra de Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brazil. See comments under Boana beckeri, Boana bandereites, and Boana latistriata for access to literature on taxonomic instability of this group plus Boana polytaenia. Pezzuti, Leite, Rossa-Feres, and Garcia, 2021, S. Am. J. Herpetol., 22 (Special Issue): 1–109, described and discussed larval morphology of Boana aff. polytaenia and natural history.

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