Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Scarthyla vigilans (Solano, 1971)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Hylidae > Subfamily: Hylinae > Genus: Scarthyla > Species: Scarthyla vigilans

Hyla vigilans Solano, 1971, Acta Biol. Venezuelica, 7: 212. Holotype: MBUCV IV-6163, by original designation. Type locality: "de la carretera entre Coloncito y El Vigía (a los 20 km), Estado Zulia [actually Táchira], Venezuela".

Scarthyla vigilans — Barrio-Amorós, Diaz de Pascual, Mueses-Cisneros, Infante-Rivero, and Chacón-Ortiz, 2006, Zootaxa, 1349: 1.

Pseudis vigilans — Lynch and Suárez-Mayorga, 2011, Caldasia, 33: 240.

Common Names

Maracaibo Basin Treefrog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 58; Hedges, Powell, Henderson, Hanson, and Murphy, 2019, Caribb. Herpetol., 67: 14).

Distribution

Maracaibo Basin and Orinoco Delta, Venezuela; Trinidad; Caribbean lowlands, Magdalena Valley, and eastern llanos of Colombia.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Colombia, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela

Comment

Suggested by E. La Marca In Duellman, 1985, in Frost (ed.), Amph. Species World: 157, to be a member of the genus Scinax. Suárez-Mayorga and Lynch, 2001, Caribb. J. Sci., 37: 116–119, noted that the relationships of Hyla vigilans are obscure, but definitely not Scinax, and they noted considerable confusion in the literature regarding specimens referred to by this name. Barrio-Amorós, 1999 "1998", Acta Biol. Venezuelica, 18: 34, commented on the Venezuelan distribution. Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell, and Wheeler, 2005, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 294: 111, could not assign this species to any of the currently recognized taxa, but pending examination of the type left this species incertae sedis. Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell, and Wheeler, 2005, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 294, could not allocate several members of former "Hyla" to any of the new genera but believed that they would be so allocated with additional work. Barrio-Amorós, Diaz de Pascual, Mueses-Cisneros, Infante-Rivero, and Chacón-Ortiz, 2006, Zootaxa, 1349: 1–18, subsequently showed that the species is a member of Scarthyla. Rojas-Runjaic, Barrio-Amorós, Molina, Señaris, and Fedón, 2008, Check List, 4: 301–303, provided new records for Venezuela. Lynch and Suárez-Mayorga, 2011, Caldasia, 33: 235–270, illustrated the tadpole and included the species in a key to the tadpoles of Amazonian Colombia. Smith, Thornham, Rutherford, Charles, Murphy, Downie, Dye, and Ogilvy, 2011, Check List, 7: 574–577, provided records for southwestern Trinidad. See Barrio-Amorós, Rojas-Runjaic, and Señaris, 2019, Amph. Rept. Conserv., 13 (1: e180): 83, for comments on range, systematics, and literature.

External links:

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For access to general information see Wikipedia
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For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.