Scinax nebulosus (Spix, 1824)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Hylidae > Subfamily: Hylinae > Genus: Scinax > Species: Scinax nebulosus

Hyla nebulosa Spix, 1824, Animal. Nova Spec. Nov. Test. Ran. Brasil.: 39. Type(s): Not designated but including animal figured on pl. 10, fig. 4 of the original publication; syntypes were ZSM 2531/0 (2 specimens), now lost according to Duellman, 1977, Das Tierreich, 95: 27, and confirmed by Glaw and Franzen, 2006, Spixiana, München, 29: 168; MNRJ 4055 (holotype of Hyla egleri Lutz, 1968) designated neotype by Hoogmoed and Gruber, 1983, Spixiana, München, Suppl., 9: 369. Type locality: "in sylvis prope flumen Teffé", Amazonas, Brazil. Neotype from "'pirarucu' pond of the Museu Goeldi in Belem do Para", Pará, Brazil.

Hyla cynocephala Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gen., 6: 558. Holotype: MNHNP 765, according to Guibé, 1950 "1948", Cat. Types Amph. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat.: 18. Type locality: "Guyane". Synonymy with Scinax nebulosa by Lescure and Marty, 2000, Collect. Patrimoines Nat., Paris, 45: 158.

Hyla egleri Lutz, 1968, Pearce-Sellards Ser., 10: 8. Holotype: MNRJ 4055, by original designation. Type locality: "'pirarucu' pond of the Museu Goeldi in Belem do Para", Pará, Brazil. Synonymy by Hoogmoed and Gruber, 1983, Spixiana, München, Suppl., 9: 369.

Ololygon egleri — Fouquette and Delahoussaye, 1977, J. Herpetol., 11: 393.

Hyla cyanocephala — Duellman, 1977, Das Tierreich, 95: 97. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Ololygon cynocephala — Duellman, 1985, in Frost (ed.), Amph. Species World: 160.

Scinax nebulosa — Duellman and Wiens, 1992, Occas. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 151: 23.

Scinax cynocephala — Duellman and Wiens, 1992, Occas. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 151: 16, 21.

Scinax nebulosus — Köhler and Böhme, 1996, Rev. Fr. Aquar. Herpetol., 23: 139.

Scinax cynocephalus — Köhler and Böhme, 1996, Rev. Fr. Aquar. Herpetol., 23: 139.

Common Names

Spix's Snouted Treefrog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 64).

Blue-headed Snouted Treefrog (Scinax cynocephala [no longer recognized]: Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 64).

Distribution

Southeastern Venezuela, through the Guianas and the lower Amazon region to Alagoas in northeastern Brazil and through Mato Grosso to Amazonian Bolivia.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Bolivia, Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela

Comment

In the Scinax ruber clade, Scinax rostratus group of Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell, and Wheeler, 2005, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 294: 96–97. This species was known as Ololygon egleri (Lutz, 1968, Pearce-Sellards Ser., 10: 8), until Hoogmoed and Gruber, 1983, Spixiana, München, Suppl., 9: 371, noted that Hyla nebulosa Spix, 1824, is the oldest name for this species. de Sá, Wassersug, and Kehr, 1997, Herpetol. J., 7: 13–17, described larval morphology. Duellman, 1997, Sci. Pap. Nat. Hist. Mus. Univ. Kansas, 2: 21, commented on a population in southeastern Venezuela.  Bolivian record by De la Riva, 1990, Boll. Mus. Reg. Sci. Nat. Torino, 8: 281. Without comment, considered a junior synonym of Hyla albopunctata by Lavilla, 1994 "1992", Acta Zool. Lilloana, 42: 70. See De la Riva, Márquez, and Bosch, 1994, Bijdr. Dierkd., 64: 75–85, for advertisement call. De la Riva, Köhler, Lötters, and Reichle, 2000, Rev. Esp. Herpetol., 14: 37, provided the Bolivian citation. Lescure and Marty, 2000, Collect. Patrimoines Nat., Paris, 45: 164–165, provided a photo and brief account for French Guiana. Fouquet, Gilles, Vences, Marty, Blanc, and Gemmell, 2007, PLoS One, 10 (e1109): 1–10, provided molecular evidence that this is a species complex. See account for Suriname population by Ouboter and Jairam, 2012, Amph. Suriname: 180–181. See Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch, and Lathrop, 2013, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 125: 415–416, for brief account and records for Guyana. Zimmerman, 1983, Herpetologica, 39: 235–246, reported on advertisement call, as Hyla egleri. See Barrio-Amorós, Rojas-Runjaic, and Señaris, 2019, Amph. Rept. Conserv., 13 (1: e180): 86–87, for comments on range and literature. Señaris and Rojas-Runjaic, 2020, in Rull and Carnaval (eds.), Neotrop. Divers. Patterns Process.: 571–632, commented on range and conservation status in the Venezuelan Guayana. Dubeux, Silva, Nascimento, Gonçalves, and Mott, 2019, Rev. Nordestina Zool., 12: 18–52, summarized the literature on larval morphology. See Dubeux, Nascimento, Lima, Magalhães, Silva, Gonçalves, Almeida, Correia, Garda, Mesquita, Rossa-Feres, and Mott, 2020, Biota Neotrop., 20 (2: e20180718): 1–24, for characterization and identification of larvae north of the Rio São Francisco in the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil. Freitas, Sales, Sampaio, Piorski, and Weber, 2021, Brazil. J. Biol., 81: 855–866, compared this species with Scinax constrictus employing molecular markers. Reported from the Environmental Protection Area of Catolé and Fernão Velho, Alagoas, Brazil, by Dubeux, Nascimento, Gonçalves, and Mott, 2021, Pap. Avulsos Zool., São Paulo, 61 (e20216176): 1–10, who provided a key to the frogs of that region. Palmeira, Gonçalves, Dubeux, Lima, Lambertini, Valencia-Aguilar, Jenkinson, James, Toledo, and Mott, 2022, Cuad. Herpetol., 36: 65–75, reported on habitat in Natural Heritage Reserve Mata Estrela, Baía Formosa, Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil. Taucce, Costa-Campos, Carvalho, and Michalski, 2022, Eur. J. Taxon., 836: 96–130, reported on distribution, literature, and conservation status for Amapá, Brazil. In the Scinax rostratus group of Araujo-Vieira, Lourenço, Lacerda, Lyra, Blotto, Ron, Baldo, Pereyra, Suárez-Mayorga, Baêta, Ferreira, Barrio-Amorós, Borteiro, Brandão, Brasileiro, Donnelly, Dubeux, Köhler, Kolenc, Leite, Maciel, Nunes, Orrico, Peloso, Pezzuti, Reichle, Rojas-Runjaic, Silva, Sturaro, Langone, Garcia, Rodrigues, Frost, Wheeler, Grant, Pombal, Haddad, and Faivovich, 2023, S. Am. J. Herpetol., 27 (Special Issue): 76 (see comment under Hylinae). 

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