Tepuihyla exophthalma (Smith and Noonan, 2001)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Hylidae > Subfamily: Hylinae > Genus: Tepuihyla > Species: Tepuihyla exophthalma

Osteocephalus exophthalmus Smith and Noonan, 2001, Rev. Biol. Tropical, 49: 349. Holotype: UG-CSBD HA-722; cranium of holotype UTA A 51620. Type locality: "ca 30 km SE Imbaimadai, Mazaruni-Potaro District, Guayana, ca. 585 m . . . 5° 37′ 30″ N, 60° 14′ 42″ W."

Tepuihyla exophthalmus — Jungfer, Faivovich, Padial, Castroviejo-Fisher, Lyra, Berneck, Iglesias, Kok, MacCulloch, Rodrigues, Verdade, Torres-Gastello, Chaparro, Valdujo, Reichle, Moravec, Gvoždík, Gagliardi-Urrutia, Ernst, De la Riva, Means, Lima, Señaris, Wheeler, and Haddad, 2013, Zool. Scripta, 42 : 357. 

Osteocephalus phasmatus MacCulloch and Lathrop, 2005, Phyllomedusa, 4: 18. Holotype: ROM 39481, by original designation. Type locality: "northeast plateau of Mount Ayanganna, Guyana, (05° 24′ N, 59° 57′ W) elevation 1490–1550 m". Synonymy by  Jungfer, Faivovich, Padial, Castroviejo-Fisher, Lyra, Berneck, Iglesias, Kok, MacCulloch, Rodrigues, Verdade, Torres-Gastello, Chaparro, Valdujo, Reichle, Moravec, Gvoždík, Gagliardi-Urrutia, Ernst, De la Riva, Means, Lima, Señaris, Wheeler, and Haddad, 2013, Zool. Scripta, 42 : 368.

Tepuihyla phasmata — Jungfer, Faivovich, Padial, Castroviejo-Fisher, Lyra, Berneck, Iglesias, Kok, MacCulloch, Rodrigues, Verdade, Torres-Gastello, Chaparro, Valdujo, Reichle, Moravec, Gvoždík, Gagliardi-Urrutia, Ernst, De la Riva, Means, Lima, Señaris, Wheeler, and Haddad, 2013, Zool. Scripta, 42 : 357.

Common Names

Big-eye Slender-legged Treefrog (Kok and Kalamandeen, 2008, Intr. Taxon. Amph. Kaieteur Natl. Park: 182).

Distribution

Known from three localities: (1) the type locality at about 585 m on the Tepui south of Imbaimadai, Guyana; (2) Kaiteur National Park, Guyana; (3) Mount Ayanganna, Guyana, 1490–1550 m elevation; (4) 6 km south of the Guardia Nacional check point, Sierra de Lema, Bolívar, Venezuela. Probably to be found in adjacent Brazil. 

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Guyana, Venezuela

Likely/Controversially Present: Brazil

Comment

Kok and Kalamandeen, 2008, Intr. Taxon. Amph. Kaieteur Natl. Park: 182–183, provided an account. Barrio-Amorós, Salerno, Rojas-Runjaic, and Noonan, 2010, Check List, 6: 463–464, provided a record for Bolívar Province,Venezuela and discussed the range. See Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch, and Lathrop, 2013, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 125: 410–411, for brief account and records for Guyana (as both Tepuihyla phasmata and Tepuihyla exophthalma). Salerno, Ron, Señaris, Rojas-Runjaic, Noonan, and Cannatella, 2012, Evolution, 66: 3000–3013, suggested that this species was the sister taxon of Tepuihyla.  Jungfer, Faivovich, Padial, Castroviejo-Fisher, Lyra, Berneck, Iglesias, Kok, MacCulloch, Rodrigues, Verdade, Torres-Gastello, Chaparro, Valdujo, Reichle, Moravec, Gvoždík, Gagliardi-Urrutia, Ernst, De la Riva, Means, Lima, Señaris, Wheeler, and Haddad, 2013, Zool. Scripta, 42 : 357, on the basis of their on molecular evidence confirming this relationship formally moved Osteocephalus exophthalmus into Tepuihyla. Señaris, Lampo, Rojas-Runjaic, and Barrio-Amorós, 2014, Guía Ilust. Anf. Parque Nac. Canaima: 194–195, provided a photograph and a brief account for the Parque Nacional de Canaima, Venezuela. See Barrio-Amorós, Rojas-Runjaic, and Señaris, 2019, Amph. Rept. Conserv., 13 (1: e180): 79, for comments on range, systematics, and literature. Señaris and Rojas-Runjaic, 2020, in Rull and Carnaval (eds.), Neotrop. Divers. Patterns Process.: 571–632, commented on range and conservation status in the Venezuelan Guayana. 

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