Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Trachycephalus nigromaculatus Tschudi, 1838

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Hylidae > Subfamily: Hylinae > Genus: Trachycephalus > Species: Trachycephalus nigromaculatus

Hyla occipitalis Fitzinger, 1826, Neue Class. Rept.: 63. Types: presumably NHMW, but not noted in recent type lists. Type locality: "America, Brasilia". Nomen nudum. Synonymy by Steindachner, 1864, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 14: 243.

Trachycephalus nigromaculatus Tschudi, 1838, Classif. Batr.: 74. Syntypes: MNHNP 4608-4609, according to Duellman, 1977, Das Tierreich, 95: 183. Type locality: "America meridionalis".

Trachycephalus geographicus Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gen., 6: 536. Syntypes: MNHNP 4608-09, according to Guibé, 1950 "1948", Cat. Types Amph. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat.: 20. Type locality: "Brésil" (=Brazil). Named as a junior synonym of Trachycephalus nigromaculatus Tschudi, 1838, and an objective synonym by reason of sharing types. Synonymy by Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gen., 6: 536; Günther, 1859 "1858", Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus.: 118.

Hyla geographica — Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gen., 6: 536.

Hyla nigromaculata — Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 368.

Hyla (Trachycephalus) angustifrons Werner, 1893, Zool. Anz., 16: 83. Syntypes: Not stated, presumably NHMW, but not noted in recent type lists. Type locality: "Brasilien". Synonymy by Werner, 1894, Zool. Anz., 17: 414; Nieden, 1923, Das Tierreich, 46: 299.

Trachycephalus nigromaculatus — Lutz, 1954, Mem. Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 52: 159. Gorham, 1963, Canad. Field Nat., 77: 24.

Common Names

Black-spotted Casque-headed Treefrog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 65).

Distribution

Coastal regions of southern Brazil from Espírito Santo to São Paulo; interior in Bahia, Minas Gerais, and Goiás to southern Piauí.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Brazil

Endemic: Brazil

Comment

Izecksohn and Carvalho-e-Silva, 2001, Anf. Municipio Rio de Janeiro: 64, provided a brief account and photo. Call described by Abrunhosa, Wogel, and Pombal, 2001, Bol. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, 472: 1–12. Freitas and Lima, 2009, Herpetol. Rev., 40: 363, provided a record for Bahia and commented on the range. Forti, Foratto, Márquez, Pereira, and Toledo, 2018, PeerJ, 6(e4813): 1–19, characterized the advertisement call. Martins and Assalim, 2019, Check List, 15: 411–414, reported the species in southern Piauí, and commented on the range.

External links:

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For access to general information see Wikipedia
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For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.