Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
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Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
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Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Triprion Cope, 1866

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Hylidae > Subfamily: Hylinae > Genus: Triprion

3 species

Pharyngodon Cope, 1865, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 17: 193. Type species: Pharyngodon petasatus Cope, 1865, by monotypy. Preoccupied by Pharyngodon Diesing, 1861. Synonymy by Cope, 1866, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 18: 127.

Triprion Cope, 1866, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 18: 127. Type species: Pharyngodon petasatus Cope, 1865, by monotypy.

Diaglena Cope, 1887, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 32: 12. Type species: Triprion spatulatus Günther, 1882, by monotypy. Synonymy by Faivovich, Pereyra, Luna, Hertz, Blotto, Vásquez-Almazán, McCranie, Sánchez, Baêta, Araujo-Vieira, Köhler, Kubicki, Campbell, Frost, Wheeler, and Haddad, 2018, S. Am. J. Herpetol., 13: 11.

Anotheca Smith, 1939, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 52: 190. Type species: Gastrotheca coronata Stejneger, 1911 (= Hyla spinosa Steindachner, 1864), by original designation. Synonymy by Faivovich, Pereyra, Luna, Hertz, Blotto, Vásquez-Almazán, McCranie, Sánchez, Baêta, Araujo-Vieira, Köhler, Kubicki, Campbell, Frost, Wheeler, and Haddad, 2018, S. Am. J. Herpetol., 13: 11.

Common Names

Casquehead Treefrogs (Liner, 1994, Herpetol. Circ., 23: 29; Lee, 2000, Field Guide Amph. Rept. Maya World: 116).

Casque-headed Treefrogs (Liner and Casas-Andreu, 2008, Herpetol. Circ., 38: 26).

Shovel-headed Treefrogs (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 65).

Spinyhead Treefrog (Anotheca [no longer recognized]: Liner, 1994, Herpetol. Circ., 23: 16).

Spiny-headed Treefrogs (Anotheca [no longer recognized]:Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 52; Liner and Casas-Andreu, 2008, Herpetol. Circ., 38: 7).

Distribution

Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico, Guatemala, and into Honduras; Pacific lowlands of Mexico (Sinaloa to Oaxaca); Disjunctly in humid forests, primarily in the premontane zone, in eastern Mexico (Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas, 800-2068 m), northeastern Honduras (95 m), Atlantic versant Costa Rica and western Panama, and from southwestern Costa Rica to west-central Panama on the Pacific slopes (350-1330 m elevation).

Comment

For discussion see Duellman, 1970, Monogr. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas: 628-640, and Duellman, 2001, Hylid Frogs Middle Am., Ed. 2: 998, provided phylogenetic discussion and accounts of the species. Savage, 2002, Copeia, 2002: 549, provided evidence for close relationship of Triprion, Smilisca, and Pternohyla. In Hylini of Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell, and Wheeler, 2005, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 294: 89. Wiens, Fetzner, Parkinson, and Reeder, 2005, Syst. Biol., 54: 25, considered Triprion to be a synonym of Hyla. Smith, Arif, Nieto-Montes de Oca, and Wiens, 2007, Evolution, 61: 2075-2085, removed Triprion spatulatus to Diaglena to remedy the paraphyly of "Triprion" with respect to Anotheca.

Former Anotheca was placed in Amphignathodontinae (part of the Hemiphractinae of this list) by Duellman, 1970, Monogr. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas: 18; see Duellman and Trueb, 1976, Occas. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 58: 12, Maxson, 1977, Syst. Zool., 26: 72-76, and Sessions, 1978, Herpetologica, 34: 70-73, for placement in Hylinae. In Hylini of Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell, and Wheeler, 2005, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 294: 98. Wiens, Fetzner, Parkinson, and Reeder, 2005, Syst. Biol., 54: 743, considered Anotheca to be part of their enlarged Hyla.

Smith, Arif, Nieto-Montes de Oca, and Wiens, 2007, Evolution, 61: 2075-2085, removed Triprion spatulatus to Diaglena to remedy the paraphyly of "Triprion" with respect to Anotheca. Trueb, 1970, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 18: 602, had considered Diaglena to be a junior synonym of Triprion.

Contained taxa (3 sp.):

Triprion petasatus (Cope, 1865)

Triprion spatulatus Günther, 1882

Triprion spinosus (Steindachner, 1864)

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