Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Nyctimystes infrafrenatus (Günther, 1867)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Hylidae > Subfamily: Pelodryadinae > Genus: Nyctimystes > Species: Nyctimystes infrafrenatus

Hyla infrafrenata Günther, 1867, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 3, 20: 56. Holotype: BMNH 1947.2.24.11 (formerly 1867.5.6.92) according to Condit, 1964, J. Ohio Herpetol. Soc., 4: 91, and museum records; this animal illustrated by Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: pl. 24, fig. 4. Type locality: "Cape York [Peninsula]", Queensland, Australia.

Calamita dolichopsis Cope, 1867, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Ser. 2, 6: 204. Type(s): ANSP, not located. Type locality: "Amboina," Moluccas Is., Indonesia. Synonymy by Boulenger, 1912, Zool. Jahrb., Jena, Abt. Syst., 15: 215; Van Kampen, 1919, Bijdr. Dierkd., 21: 52.

Pelodryas dolichopsis — Meyer, 1875 "1874", Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1874: 140.

Pelodryas militarius Ramsay, 1878, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 2: 28. Holotype: AMS R5250 according to Cogger, 1979, Rec. Aust. Mus., 32: 177. Type locality: "New Ireland", Bismarck Archipelago. Synonymy by Loveridge, 1948, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 101: 404.

Litoria guttata Macleay, 1878, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 2: 137. Holotype: AMS R29956, according to Cogger, 1979, Rec. Aust. Mus., 32: 176. Considered to be in the QM by Fry, 1913, Mem. Queensland Mus., 2: 47. Type locality: "Katow" (=Mawatta), Binaturi River, near Daru, Papua New Guinea. Synonymy by Fry, 1913, Mem. Queensland Mus., 2: 49; Van Kampen, 1923, Amph. Indo-Austral. Arch.: 51.

Hyla dolichopsis — Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 384.

Hyla infrafrenata — Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 385.

Hyla infrataeniata Boulenger, 1885, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 5, 16: 387. Error for Hyla infrafrenata.

Hyla dolichopsis var. pollicaris Werner, 1898, Zool. Anz., 21: 554. Syntypes: NHMW, BMNH; only NHMW 16864 traced by Häupl and Tiedemann, 1978, Kat. Wiss. Samml. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 2: 19; other likely in ZMB. Type locality: "Ralum", New Britain, Bismarck Archipelago. Synonymy by Boulenger, 1912, Zool. Jahrb., Jena, Abt. Syst., 15: 214.

Hyla dolichopsis var. calcarifera Vogt, 1912, Sitzungsber. Ges. Naturforsch. Freunde Berlin, 1912: 10. Lapsus for pollicaris, according to Zweifel, 1960, Am. Mus. Novit., 2023: 3.

Hyla spengeli Boulenger, 1912, Zool. Jahrb., Jena, Abt. Syst., 15: 215. Holotype: BMNH 1947.2.23.15 (formerly 1904.3.17.15) according to Condit, 1964, J. Ohio Herpetol. Soc., 4: 95. Type locality: "Dinawa, Owen Stanley Range, British [= Papua] New Guinea". Synonymy by Loveridge, 1948, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 101: 308, 402.

Hyla militaria — Boulenger, 1912, Zool. Jahrb., Jena, Abt. Syst., 15: 215.

Hyla trinilensis Ahl, 1929, Zool. Anz., 85: 270. Syntypes: ZMB (3 specimens) unnumbered in the original publication. Type locality: "Trinil, Zentral-Java", Indonesia. Synonymy by Mertens, 1930, Zool. Meded., Leiden, 13: 141–150; Tyler, 1968, Zool. Verh., Leiden, 96: 104.

Hyla infralineata — Rensch, 1936, Geschichte Sundabogens: 244. Incorrect subsequent spelling for Hyla infrafrenata according to Tyler, 1968, Zool. Verh., Leiden, 96: 104.

Hyla spengleri — Loveridge, 1948, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 101: 308, 402. Error for Hyla spengeli Boulenger, 1912.

Hyla infrafrenata militaria — Loveridge, 1948, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 101: 404.

Litoria infrafrenata militaria — Tyler, 1971, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 19: 353.

Litoria infrafrenata infrafrenata — Tyler, 1971, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 19: 353.

Sandyrana infrafrenata — Wells and Wellington, 1985, Aust. J. Herpetol., Suppl. Ser., 1: 6.

Nyctimystes infrafrenatus — Duellman, Marion, and Hedges, 2016, Zootaxa, 4104: 39.

Common Names

New Guinea Treefrog (Cochran, 1961, Living Amph. World: 137).

Giant Tree Frog (Cogger, 1975, Rept. Amph. Australia: 97; Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 63).

White-lipped Tree Frog (Ingram, Nattrass, and Czechura, 1993, Mem. Queensland Mus., 33: 222; Barker, Grigg, and Tyler, 1995, Field Guide Aust. Frogs., Ed. 2: 114; Tyler and Knight, 2009, Field Guide Frogs Aust.: 68).

Australian Giant Treefrog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 59).

Distribution

Lowlands of New Guinea; extending westwards to the islands of Timor, Seram, Buru, and Talaud Island; eastwards to New Ireland, Bismarck Archipelago, and south to the Aru Islands and Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia; introduced onto Java.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Australia, East Timor, Indonesia, Indonesia - Papua Region, Papua New Guinea

Introduced: Indonesia

Comment

In the Litoria infrafrenata group of Tyler and Davies, 1978, Aust. J. Zool., Suppl. Ser., 27 (63): 28. In the Litoria caerulea group of Barker, Grigg, and Tyler, 1995, Field Guide Aust. Frogs., Ed. 2: 108. See Tyler, 1968, Zool. Verh., Leiden, 96: 104. Dessauer, Gartside, and Zweifel, 1977, Syst. Zool., 26: 426–436, and Sumida, Allison, and Nishioka, 1998, Japan. J. Herpetol., 17: 164–174, presented evidence for cryptic species under this name in New Guinea. See brief account by Menzies, 1976, Handb. Common New Guinea Frogs: 34–35. See comments by Richards, Oliver, Dahl, and Tjaturadi, 2006, Zootaxa, 1208: 57–58. Menzies, 2006, Frogs New Guinea & Solomon Is.: 127–128, provided a brief account. See brief account by Tyler and Knight, 2009, Field Guide Frogs Aust.: 68–69. Koch, Arida, Riyanto, and Böhme, 2009, Bonn. Zool. Beitr., 56: 107–129, reported the Talaud Islands records. Cutajar, Portway, Gillard, and Rowley, 2022, Tech. Rep. Aust. Mus. Online, 36: 26, provided a polygon distribution map for Australia (as Litoria infrafrenata). Sulaeman, Hamidy, Farajallah, Fouquet, Riyanto, Arida, Mulyadi, Trilaksono, and Munir, 2021, Biodiversitas, 22: 3287–3298, suggested on the basis of 16s mtDNA matrilines to exclude the northern Moluccan population as Nyctimystes tenuigranulatus. These authors suggested that the southern Moluccan population requires additional sampling prior to making any taxonomic changes. Esterina, 2023, Formosa J. Appl. Sci., 2: 2369–2382, reported on the karyotype (as Litoria infrafrenata).

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