Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Phyllomedusa Wagler, 1830

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Hylidae > Subfamily: Phyllomedusinae > Genus: Phyllomedusa

16 species

Phyllomedusa Wagler, 1830, Nat. Syst. Amph.: 201. Type species: Rana bicolor Boddaert, 1772, by monotypy.

Common Names

Leaf Frogs (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 62).

Monkey Frogs (Kok and Kalamandeen, 2008, Intr. Taxon. Amph. Kaieteur Natl. Park: 190).

South American Multicolored Treefrogs (Hedges, Powell, Henderson, Hanson, and Murphy, 2019, Caribb. Herpetol., 67: 13).

Distribution

Panama, Pacific slopes of Colombia, and South America east of the Andes, including Trinidad, southward to northern Argentina and Uruguay.

Comment

Although species groups have not been defined for all species, Cannatella, 1982, Copeia, 1982: 501-513, discussed and defined the Phyllomedusa perinesos group. Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell, and Wheeler, 2005, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 294: 117-118, defined four species groups (noted in the species records), but left several species unassigned. Caramaschi, 2006, Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, 64: 159-179, discussed and delimited the Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis group. Barrio-Amorós, 2006, Zootaxa, 1309: 55-68, formalized the Phyllomedusa tarsius group, previous recognized informally by De la Riva, 1999, Rev. Esp. Herpetol., 13: 123-131. Paiva, Nascimento, Silva, Bernarde, and Ananias, 2010, Ital. J. Zool., 77: 116-121, reported on karyological variation within Phyllomedusa. Brunes, Sequeira, Haddad, and Alexandrino, 2010, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 57: 1120-1133, reported on the molecular phylogenetics of the Phyllomedusa burmeisteri group. Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch, and Lathrop, 2013, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 125: 317-578, provided identification keys and accounts for the species in Guyana. Ron, Almendáriz C., and Cannatella, 2013, Zootaxa, 3741: 289–294, reported on the molecular phylogenetics of a redelimited Phyllomedusa perinosus group. Röhr, Camurugi, Paterno, Gehara, Juncá, Álvares, Brandão, and Garda, 2020, Canad. J. Zool., 98: 495–504, reported on the evolution and causes of variability of advertisement call in the Brazilian species.

Contained taxa (16 sp.):

Phyllomedusa bahiana Lutz, 1925

Phyllomedusa bicolor (Boddaert, 1772)

Phyllomedusa boliviana Boulenger, 1902

Phyllomedusa burmeisteri Boulenger, 1882

Phyllomedusa camba De la Riva, 1999

Phyllomedusa chaparroi Castroviejo-Fisher, Köhler, De la Riva, and Padial, 2017

Phyllomedusa coelestis (Cope, 1874)

Phyllomedusa distincta Lutz, 1950

Phyllomedusa iheringii Boulenger, 1885

Phyllomedusa neildi Barrio-Amorós, 2006

Phyllomedusa sauvagii Boulenger, 1882

Phyllomedusa tarsius (Cope, 1868)

Phyllomedusa tetraploidea Pombal and Haddad, 1992

Phyllomedusa trinitatis Mertens, 1926

Phyllomedusa vaillantii Boulenger, 1882

Phyllomedusa venusta Duellman and Trueb, 1967

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