Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Crossodactylus dispar Lutz, 1925

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Hylodidae > Genus: Crossodactylus > Species: Crossodactylus dispar

Crossodactylus dispar Lutz, 1925, C. R. Mém. Hebd. Séances Soc. Biol. Filial., Paris, 93 (1925, vol. 2): 138. Syntypes: Not stated; including USNM 96738–40, according to Cochran, 1961, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 220: 40; USNM 96739 designated lectotype by Pimenta, Cruz, and Caramaschi, 2014, Arq. Zool., São Paulo, 45: 6. Type locality: "les montagnes de l'Etat de Rio-de-Janeiro", Brazil; corrected to "[Fazenda do] Bonito in the Serra de Bocaina", São Paulo, Brazil, by Cochran, 1955 "1954", Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 206: 246-248. Rendered as "Fazenda do Bonito, Serra da Bocaina, São José do Berreiro, São Paulo", Brazil by Bokermann, 1966, Lista Anot. Local. Tipo Anf. Brasil.: 30, and as "Fazenda do Bonito (approx. 22°46’S, 44°32’W, ca. 1,500 m a.s.l.), Serra da Bocaina, Municipality of São José do Barreiro, State of São Paulo, Brazil" by Pimenta, Cruz, and Caramaschi, 2014, Arq. Zool., São Paulo, 45: 6.

Crossodactylus fuscigula Lutz, 1930, Mem. Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 24: 211. Types: Not stated, presumably originally in Lutz Collection or IOC. now in MNRJ. Type locality: "pequeno corrego na Serra da Bocaina numa altura de 1150 metros", Alto da Serra de Cubatão. Synonymy (with Crossodactylus boulengeri) by Lutz, 1930, Mem. Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 24: 215; with Crossodactylus dispar by implication of Lutz, 1930, Mem. Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 24: 211, and by Cei, 1980, Monit. Zool. Ital., N.S., Monogr., 2: 314. The implication of the synonymy of Phyllobates fuscigula Fitzinger (nomen nudum) with Crossodactylus gaudichaudii by Cochran, 1955 "1954", Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 206: 246, suggests that the types of Fitzinger's species are not conspecific with that of Lutz, 1930, even though Lutz intended to apply Fitzinger's name to his species, but only succeeded in making the name available from Lutz's publication.

Crossodactylus dispar dispar — Lutz, 1951, O Hospital, 39: 707.

Common Names

Rio Spinythumb Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 71).

Distribution

Northern range of the Serra do Mar in the states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brail, between the municipality of Bananal and the Estação Biológica de Boraceia; Misiones, Argentina.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Argentina, Brazil

Comment

In the Crossodactylus trachystomus group of Caramaschi and Sazima, 1985, Rev. Brasil. Zool., 3: 43-49. See Cei, 1980, Monit. Zool. Ital., N.S., Monogr., 2: 314-316; and Heyer, Rand, Cruz, Peixoto, and Nelson, 1990, Arq. Zool., São Paulo, 31: 289-290, for accounts. Revised, redelimited, and reviewed by Pimenta, Cruz, and Caramaschi, 2014, Arq. Zool., São Paulo, 45: 1–33, reidentified the single specimen from Misiones, Argentina, as likely a representative of Crossodactylus schmidti, and referred populations previously reported from the states of Paraná and Santa Catarina in Brazil to Crossodactylus caramaschii. Ferraro, Blotto, Baldo, Barrasso, Barrionuevo, Basso, Cardozo, Cotichelli, Faivovich, Pereyra, and Lavilla, 2018, in Vaira, Akmentins, and Lavilla (eds.), Cuad. Herpetol., 32 (Supl. 1): 17–19, noted that the taxonomic status of this species in Misiones, Argentina, needs elucidation.

External links:

Please note: these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the American Museum of Natural History. We are not responsible for their content.

For access to general information see Wikipedia
For additional sources of general information from other websites search Google
For access to relevant technical literature search Google Scholar
For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.