Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Crossodactylus Duméril and Bibron, 1841

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Hylodidae > Genus: Crossodactylus

13 species

Crossodactylus Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gen., 6: 635. Type species: Crossodactylus gaudichaudii Duméril and Bibron, 1841, by monotypy.

Limnocharis Bell, 1843, Zool. Voyage Beagle, Part 5: 33. Type species: Limnocharis fuscus Bell, 1843, by monotypy. Synonymy by Nieden, 1923, Das Tierreich, 46: 490.

Tarsopterus Reinhardt and Lütken, 1862 "1861", Vidensk. Medd. Dansk Naturhist. Foren., Ser. 2, 3: 177. Type species: Tarsopterus trachystomus Reinhardt and Lütken, 1862, by monotypy. Synonymy by Hensel, 1867, Arch. Naturgesch., 33: 146; Lutz, 1930, Mem. Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 24: 216.

Calamobates De Witte, 1930, in Massart (ed.), Miss. Biol. Belge Brésil, 2: 219. Type species: Calamobates boulengeri Witte, 1930, by monotypy. Synonymy by Lutz, 1930, Mem. Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 24: 216.

Common Names

Spinythumb Frogs (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 71).

Distribution

From Alagoas (in northwestern Brazil) through southern Paraguay to Paraná (in southern Brazil), and northern Argentina.

Comment

The three species groups were defined by Caramaschi and Sazima, 1985, Rev. Brasil. Zool., 3: 43–49, and further discussed by Bastos and Pombal, 1995, Copeia, 1995: 436–439. Pyron and Wiens, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 61: 543–583, suggested that Crossodactylus is the sister taxon of a clade composed of Megaelosia and Hylodes. Pimenta, Cruz, and Caramaschi, 2014, Arq. Zool., São Paulo, 45: 1–30, revised the Crossodactylus dispar complex. Vittorazzi, Lourenço, Zattera, Weber, Recco-Pimentel, and Bruschi, 2021, Genet. Mol. Biol., 44 (2: e20200301): 1–9, reported on a ML tree of the species.

Contained taxa (13 sp.):

Crossodactylus boulengeri (De Witte, 1930)

Crossodactylus caramaschii Bastos and Pombal, 1995

Crossodactylus cyclospinus Nascimento, Cruz, and Feio, 2005

Crossodactylus dantei Carcerelli and Caramaschi, 1993

Crossodactylus dispar Lutz, 1925

Crossodactylus franciscanus Pimenta, Caramaschi, and Cruz, 2015

Crossodactylus gaudichaudii Duméril and Bibron, 1841

Crossodactylus grandis Lutz, 1951

Crossodactylus lutzorum Carcerelli and Caramaschi, 1993

Crossodactylus schmidti Gallardo, 1961

Crossodactylus timbuhy Pimenta, Cruz, and Caramaschi, 2014

Crossodactylus trachystomus (Reinhardt and Lütken, 1862)

Crossodactylus werneri Pimenta, Cruz, and Caramaschi, 2014

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