Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Afrixalus "quadrivittatus" Pickersgill, 2007

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Hyperoliidae > Subfamily: Hyperoliinae > Genus: Afrixalus > Species: Afrixalus "quadrivittatus"

Hyperolius leptosomus Peters, 1877, Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1877: 619. Holotype: ZMB 9175 according to Bauer, Günther, and Klipfel, 1995, in Bauer et al. (eds.), Herpetol. Contr. W.C.H. Peters: 44. Type locality: "Chinchoxo (Westafrika)" [= Cabinda, Angola]. Synonymy with Afrixalus fulvovittatus by Schiøtz, 1975, Treefrogs E. Afr.: 78; Lötters, Gossmann, Obame, and Böhme, 2001, Herpetofauna, Weinstadt, 23: 28. Assigned by implication to Afrixalus "quadrivittatus" by Pickersgill, 2007, Afr. J. Herpetol., 56: 23-37.

Megalixalus leptosomus — Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 129. Chabanaud, 1921, Bull. Com. Études Hist. Scient. Afr. Occid. Franç., 1921: 459 (based in part on Afrixalus fulvovittatus and Afrixalus vittiger according to Pickersgill, 2007, Afr. J. Herpetol., 56: 23-37).

Megalixalus leptosomus leptosomus — Werner, 1908 "1907", Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Phys. Math. Naturwiss. Kl., 116: 1900.

Hyperolius brevipalmatus Ahl, 1931, Das Tierreich, 55: 279. Holotype: ZMB 24499 according to Perret, 1962, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr., 65: 246. Type locality: "Sangmelina Süd Kamerun". The description in Ahl, 1931, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 17: 25, appeared a few weeks later according to unpublished notes by A. Loveridge (fide R. Laurent). Synonymy with Afrixalus fulvovittatus by Loveridge, 1936, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 79: 371; Perret, 1962, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr., 65: 246. Assigned by implication to Afrixalus "quadrivittatus" by Pickersgill, 2007, Afr. J. Herpetol., 56: 23-37.

Megalixalus (Afrixalus) leptosomus — Laurent, 1944, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr., 38: 113-114.

Afrixalus leptosomus — Guibé, 1948, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris, Ser. 2, 20: 500, by implication.

Afrixalus fulvovittatus leptosomus — Laurent, 1950, Explor. Parc Natl. Albert, Miss. G.F. de Witte (1933–1935), 64: 18; Laurent, 1951, Ann. Soc. R. Zool. Belg., 82: 28; Inger, 1968, Explor. Parc Natl. Garamba, Miss. H. de Saeger, 52: 131.

Afrixalus fulvovittatus leptosomus — Laurent, 1951, Ann. Soc. R. Zool. Belg., 82: 28.

Hyperolius fulvovittatus leptosoma — Perret, 1960, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr., 61: 371-372; Perret, 1966, Zool. Jahrb., Jena, Abt. Syst., 93: 441.

Afrixalus dorsalis leptosomus — Perret, 1976, Bull. Soc. Neuchatel. Sci. Nat., 99: 19-28. See comment.

Afrixalus fulvovittatus brevipalmatus — Perret, 1976, Bull. Soc. Neuchatel. Sci. Nat., 99: 19-28. See comment.

Afrixalus "quadrivittatus" Pickersgill, 2007, Afr. J. Herpetol., 56: 23-37. See comment. Working name for a complex of populations not otherwise sorted.

Common Names

None noted.

Distribution

Savanna-forest ecotone regions of tropical West Africa from Senegal, Gambia, and Mali to Dem. Rep. Congo; central Rep. Congo, western and southeastern Dem. Rep. Congo, and western Nigeria, southern and western Dem. Rep. Congo. It is presumed to occur in the Cabinda Enclave of Angola, and probably also in northern Angola, Zambia and Malawi (see comment).

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Benin, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Democratic Republic of the, Congo, Republic of the, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Togo, Uganda

Comment

See comment under Afrixalus quadrivittatus and Pickersgill, 2007, Afr. J. Herpetol., 56: 23-37. Largen and Spawls, 2010, Amph. Rept. Ethiopia Eritrea: 111, implied that the controversy may have to do with confusion with the very similar Afrixalus fulvovittatus and Afrixalus vittiger. Pickersgill, 2007, Afr. J. Herpetol., 56: 23-37, regarded Afrixalus "quadrivittatus" as a conglomeration of species not otherwise assignable to either Afrixalus fulvovittatus or Afrixalus vittiger. His treatment; by implication, of treating Hyperolius leptosomus Peters, 1877, and Hyperolius brevipalmatus Ahl, 1931, as not formally-recognized species, but as unapplied names, leaves the state of Afrixalus taxonomy in West Africa unsettled, a reflection on the real state of understanding of this difficult taxon. For this reason this record will sort in geographic searches to West Africa. This is not to imply that Afrixalus quadrivittatus (sensu stricto) occurs there, but that the savanna-forest ecotone regions of West Africa are inhabited by frogs currently associated with delimited species that Pickersgill (2007) regarded collectively as Afrixalus "quadrivittatus". Jackson and Blackburn, 2007, Salamandra, 43: 149-164, provided a record for Nouabale-Ndoki National Park, Rep. Congo.Jongsma, Tobi, Dixon-MacCallum, Bamba-Kaya, Yoga, Mbega, Mve Beh, Emrich, and Blackburn, 2017, Amph. Rept. Conserv., 11 (1: e144): 10–12, provided records for southeastern Gabon and briefly discussed habitat and range.

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