Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Hyperoliinae Laurent, 1943

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Hyperoliidae > Subfamily: Hyperoliinae

198 species

Hyperoliinae Laurent, 1943, Bull. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg., 19: 16. Type genus: Hyperolius Rapp, 1842.

Hyperoliidae — Laurent, 1951, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr., 45: 119.

Hyperoliini — Laurent, 1972, Copeia, 1972: 201.

Hyperoliinae — Portik, Bell, Blackburn, Bauer, Barratt, Branch, Burger, Channing, Colston, Conradie, Dehling, Drewes, Ernst, Greenbaum, Gvoždík, Harvey, Hillers, Hirschfeld, Jongsma, Kielgast, Kouete, Lawson, Leaché, Loader, Lötters, van der Meijden, Menegon, Müller, Nagy, Ofori-Boateng, Ohler, Papenfuss, Rößler, Sinsch, Rödel, Veith, Vindum, Zassi-Boulou, and McGuire, 2019, Syst. Biol., 68: 866.

Tachycneminae Channing, 1989, S. Afr. J. Zool., 24: 127. Type genus: Tachycnemis Fitzinger, 1843. Synonymy by Vences, Kosuch, Glaw, Böhme, and Veith, 2003, J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res., 41: 212, and Portik, Bell, Blackburn, Bauer, Barratt, Branch, Burger, Channing, Colston, Conradie, Dehling, Drewes, Ernst, Greenbaum, Gvoždík, Harvey, Hillers, Hirschfeld, Jongsma, Kielgast, Kouete, Lawson, Leaché, Loader, Lötters, van der Meijden, Menegon, Müller, Nagy, Ofori-Boateng, Ohler, Papenfuss, Rößler, Sinsch, Rödel, Veith, Vindum, Zassi-Boulou, and McGuire, 2019, Syst. Biol., 68: 866.

Cryptothylacinae Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 223. Type genus: Cryptothylax Laurent and Combaz, 1950.

Hyperoliina — Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 224.

Morerellina Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 224. Type genus: Morerella Rödel, Kosuch, Grafe, Boistel, and Veith, 2009. Subtribe.

Opisthothylacina Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 225. Type genus: Opithothylax Perret, 1966. Subtribe.

Tachycnemina — Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 225. Subtribe.

Afrixalinia — Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 225. Type genus: Afrixalus Laurent, 1944. Infratribe.

Tachycneminia — Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 225. Infratribe.

Opisthothylacini — Nečas, Kielgast, Nagy, Chifundera, and Gvoždík, 2022, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 174 (107514): 8.

Common Names

Reed Frogs (Lambiris, 1990 "1989", Monogr. Mus. Reg. Sci. Nat. Torino, 10: 156).

Distribution

Subsaharan Africa; Madagascar; Seychelles.

Comment

Portik, Bell, Blackburn, Bauer, Barratt, Branch, Burger, Channing, Colston, Conradie, Dehling, Drewes, Ernst, Greenbaum, Gvoždík, Harvey, Hillers, Hirschfeld, Jongsma, Kielgast, Kouete, Lawson, Leaché, Loader, Lötters, van der Meijden, Menegon, Müller, Nagy, Ofori-Boateng, Ohler, Papenfuss, Rößler, Sinsch, Rödel, Veith, Vindum, Zassi-Boulou, and McGuire, 2019, Syst. Biol., 68: 866, as part of a major study on the evolution within Afrobatrachia, recognized the subfamily, but noted that Alexteroon, Arlequinus, Callixalus, Chrysobatrachus, and Kassinula should be included in future phylogenetic studies to confirm their placement. See comment under Hyperoliidae for relevant literature. Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 1–738, provided a detailed taxonomy and tree, at variance with those reported by Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297, Yuan, Zhang, Raxworthy, Weisrock, Hime, Jin, Lemmon, Lemmon, Holland, Kortyna, Zhou, Peng, Che, and Prendini, 2018, Natl. Sci. Rev., Beijing, 6, and Portik, Bell, Blackburn, Bauer, Barratt, Branch, Burger, Channing, Colston, Conradie, Dehling, Drewes, Ernst, Greenbaum, Gvoždík, Harvey, Hillers, Hirschfeld, Jongsma, Kielgast, Kouete, Lawson, Leaché, Loader, Lötters, van der Meijden, Menegon, Müller, Nagy, Ofori-Boateng, Ohler, Papenfuss, Rößler, Sinsch, Rödel, Veith, Vindum, Zassi-Boulou, and McGuire, 2019, Syst. Biol., 68. Nečas, Kielgast, Nagy, Chifundera, and Gvoždík, 2022, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 174 (107514): 8, as part of their taxonomic revision of Hyperoliidae, recognized four tribes within Hyperoliinae: (1) Cryptothylacini (Congolius and Cryptothylax), (2) Tachycnemini (Afrixalus, Heterixalus, Kassinula, and Tachycnemis), (3) Opithothylacini (Opithothylax), and Hyperoliini (Hyperolius).

Contained taxa (198 sp.):

Afrixalus Laurent, 1944 (37 sp.)

Congolius Nečas, Badjedjea, and Gvoždik, 2021 (1 sp.)

Cryptothylax Laurent and Combaz, 1950 (2 sp.)

Heterixalus Laurent, 1944 (11 sp.)

Hyperolius Rapp, 1842 (143 sp.)

Kassinula Laurent, 1940 (1 sp.)

Morerella Rödel, Kosuch, Grafe, Boistel, and Veith, 2009 (1 sp.)

Opisthothylax Perret, 1966 (1 sp.)

Tachycnemis Fitzinger, 1843 (1 sp.)

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