Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
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AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
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Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
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Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Hyperolius parallelus Günther, 1858

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Hyperoliidae > Subfamily: Hyperoliinae > Genus: Hyperolius > Species: Hyperolius parallelus

Hyperolius parallelus Günther, 1858, Arch. Naturgesch., 24: 326. Syntypes: BMNH (3 specimens) according to Günther, 1859 "1858", Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus.: 86. Type locality: "Süd-Afrika"; later rendered as "South Africa" and "Angola" by Günther, 1859 "1858", Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus.: 86; as as "Cape of Good Hope", Western Cape Province, Rep. South Africa, and "Ambris, Angola" by Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 122. Considered a synonym of Hyperolius marmoratus by Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 121, and a subspecies of Hyperolius marmoratus by Laurent, 1951, Ann. Soc. R. Zool. Belg., 82: 38.

Hyperolius marmoratus var. angolensis Steindachner, 1867, Reise Österreichischen Fregatte Novara, Zool., Amph.: 50. Holotype: NHMW, by original designation. Type locality: "Angola". Synonymy with Hyperolius parallelus by Broadley, 1971, Puku, 6: 122.

Hyperolius angolensis Steindachner, 1867, Reise Österreichischen Fregatte Novara, Zool., Amph.: 50. Syntypes: NHMW 13487.1-2 according to Häupl and Tiedemann, 1978, Kat. Wiss. Samml. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 2: 22. Type locality: "Angola". Synonymy by Wieczorek, Drewes, and Channing, 2000, J. Biogeograph., 27: 1235.

Hyperolius toulsonii Bocage, 1868 "1867", Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1867: 845. Holotype: MBL T. 27-275 according to Perret, 1976, Arq. Mus. Bocage, Ser. 2, 6: 27; destroyed in 1978 fire. Type locality: "Loanda" = Luanda, Angola. Synonymy with Hyperolius marmoratus by Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 121-122. Recognized by Ahl, 1931, Das Tierreich, 55: 388. Synonymy with Hyperolius parallelus by Perret, 1976, Arq. Mus. Bocage, Ser. 2, 6: 27; with Hyperolius marmoratus insignis by Laurent, 1952 "1951", Ann. Soc. R. Zool. Belg., 82: 391; Laurent, 1961, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr., 64: 88; with Hyperolius marmoratus parallelus by Loveridge, 1953, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 110: 329.

Hyperolius insignis Bocage, 1868 "1867", Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1867: 844. Syntypes: MBL T. 21-164 (2 specimens), 27-167, according to Perret, 1976, Arq. Mus. Bocage, Ser. 2, 6: 28; destroyed in 1978 fire. ZMB 6462 noted as a surviving syntype by Tillack, de Ruiter, and Rödel, 2021, Zoosyst. Evol., Berlin, 97: 425. Type localities: in original publication as "Benguella", Angola; corrected by Perret, 1976, Arq. Mus. Bocage, Ser. 2, 6: 28, to São Salvador do Congo, Angola, and Novo Redondo, Angola. Synonymy with Hyperolius marmoratus parallelus (as Rappia marmorata parallela) by Boettger, 1888, Ber. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges., 1888: 96; Loveridge, 1953, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 110: 329; with Hyperolius parallelus by Schiøtz, 1971, Vidensk. Medd. Dansk Naturhist. Foren., 134: 21-76. Synonymy with Hyperolius marmoratus by Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 121; Perret, 1976, Arq. Mus. Bocage, Ser. 2, 6: 27. Considered a subspecies of Hyperolius marmoratus by Laurent, 1951, Ann. Soc. R. Zool. Belg., 82: 39.

Rappia insignis — Günther, 1869 "1868", Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1868: 479.

Hyperolius huillensis Bocage, 1873, J. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat., Lisboa, 4: 225. Syntypes: MBL 2-166 (4 specimens) according to Perret, 1976, Arq. Mus. Bocage, Ser. 2, 6: 28; destroyed in 1978 fire. Type locality: "Huilla", Angola. Synonymy with Hyperolius marmoratus by Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 122. Considered a subspecies of Hyperolius marmoratus by Laurent, 1952 "1951", Ann. Soc. R. Zool. Belg., 82: 389; Laurent, 1961, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr., 64: 88. Placed here strictly on geographic grounds (DRF).

Rappia marmorata var. taeniolata Bocage, 1895, Herpetol. Angola Congo: 164. Types: MBL, presumed destroyed. Type locality: "Duque de Bragança", "Huilla", "Caconda" and "Cahata", Angola. Synonymy (with Hyperolius marmoratus angolensis) by Laurent, 1952 "1951", Ann. Soc. R. Zool. Belg., 82: 390.

Rappia marmorata var. insignis — Bocage, 1895, Herpetol. Angola Congo: 164.

Rappia marmorata var. huillensis — Bocage, 1895, Herpetol. Angola Congo: 164.

Rappia parallela — Tornier, 1896, in Möbius (ed.), Deutsch Ost-Afr., 3: 96.

Rappia marmorata var. parallela — Boettger, 1888, Ber. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges., 1888: 96.

Hyperolius angolensis — Ahl, 1931, Das Tierreich, 55: 391.

Hyperolius huillensis — Ahl, 1931, Das Tierreich, 55: 375.

Hyperolius erythromelanus Monard, 1937 "1936", Bull. Soc. Neuchatel. Sci. Nat., 62: 36. Syntypes: LCFM (2 specimens). Type locality: "Sangevé", Angola. Synonymy with Hyperolius marmoratus huillensis by Laurent, 1952 "1951", Ann. Soc. R. Zool. Belg., 82: 390.

Hyperolius angolensis angolensis — Laurent, 1943, Ann. Mus. R. Congo Belge, Tervuren, Zool., 4: 121.

Hyperolius angolensis quarrei Laurent, 1943, Ann. Mus. R. Congo Belge, Tervuren, Zool., 4: 122. Holotype: MRAC 37366, by original designation. Type locality: "Lusuku (Lomami)", Dem. Rep. Congo. Considered a subspecies of Hyperolius marmoratus by Laurent, 1952 "1951", Ann. Soc. R. Zool. Belg., 82: 389.

Hyperolius marmoratus insignis — Laurent, 1951, Ann. Soc. R. Zool. Belg., 82: 39.

Hyperolius marmoratus parallelus — Laurent, 1951, Ann. Soc. R. Zool. Belg., 82: 38; Laurent, 1983, Monit. Zool. Ital., N.S., Suppl., 18: 1-93.

Hyperolius marmoratus quarrei — Laurent, 1952 "1951", Ann. Soc. R. Zool. Belg., 82: 390.

Hyperolius marmoratus angolensis — Laurent, 1954, Publ. Cult. Companhia Diamantes Angola, 23: 136 (17 of preprint); Laurent, 1954, Publ. Cult. Companhia Diamantes Angola, 23: 77; Mertens, 1971, Abh. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges., 529: 7; Broadley, 1971, Puku, 6: 122.

Hyperolius marmoratus huillensis — Laurent, 1961, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr., 64: 88.

Hyperolius angolensis — Poynton, 1964, Ann. Natal Mus., 17: 202.

Hyperolius marginatus angolensis — Laurent, 1976, Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Cent., Tervuren, Ser. Octavo, Sci. Zool., 213: 91.

Hyperolius marmoratus angolensis — Poynton and Broadley, 1987, Ann. Natal Mus., 28: 222.

English Names

Angolan Reed Frog (Hyperolius angolensis [no longer recognized]: Channing, 2001, Amph. Cent. S. Afr.: 148; Du Preez and Carruthers, 2009, Compl. Guide Frogs S. Afr.: 256 [for Hyperolius parallelus]).

Distribution

Lower Dem. Rep. Congo, Angola to western Zambia, northern Botswana, and northern Namibia.

Comment

Hess, Channing, and Hendricks, 1996 "1995", Madoqua, Windhoek, 19: 33-36, provided molecular evidence for the distinctiveness of this taxon (as Hyperolius angolensis). Hyperolius angolensis removed from the synonymy of Hyperolius marmoratus by Channing and Griffin, 1993, Madoqua, Windhoek, 18: 101-106, where it had been placed by Laurent, 1954, Publ. Cult. Companhia Diamantes Angola, 23: 77, and Broadley, 1971, Puku, 6: 122. A. Schiøtz (pers. comm.) suggests that Hyperolius angolensis may be found to be conspecific with Hyperolius parallelus. See general discussion of the Hyperolius viridiflavus–parallelus–marginatus group by Schiøtz, 1999, Treefrogs Afr.: 206–228, and specifically of the form he treats as Parallelus, Insignis, and Angolensis). Wieczorek, Drewes, and Channing, 2000, J. Biogeograph., 27: 1235, made the formal synonymy and provided a new concept and range. See account (as Hyperolius angolensis) by Channing, 2001, Amph. Cent. S. Afr.: 148-149. Schiøtz, 2006, Alytes, 24: 48-51, provided a brief discussion of the problems in this complex. See account by Du Preez and Carruthers, 2009, Compl. Guide Frogs S. Afr.: 256-257. Conradie, Branch, Measey, and Tolley, 2012, Zootaxa, 3269: 1-17, recognized Hyperolius angolensis in their phylogenetic tree, but because they did not address Hyperolius paralellus, its nominal senior synonym, it is unclear what their intention was in the use of this name (DRF). Nagy, Kusamba, Collet, and Gvoždík, 2013, Herpetol. Notes, 6: 413–419, provided a record from Bas-Congo, southwestern Dem. Rep. Congo. Marques, Ceríaco, Blackburn, and Bauer, 2018, Proc. California Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 65 (Suppl. II): 90–94, provided a map for Angola and a brief account, as Hyperolius angolensis, although they did not provide any data to support this view. Dehling and Sinsch, 2019, Zool. Anz., 280: 65–77, reported on the evolution of larval and adult morphospace in the Central African Albertine Rift, including this species which they considered to be in the Hyperolius viridiflavus group. Butler, Ceríaco, Marques, Bandeira, Júlio, Heinicke, and Bauer, 2019, Herpetol. Rev., 50: 225–240, reported on a collection of Hyperolius cf. angolensis from Huila Province, southwestern Angola. Baptista, António, and Branch, 2019, Amph. Rept. Conserv., 13 (e203): 96–130, reported on specimens, as Hyperolius angolensis, from Bicuar National Park, southwestern Angola and commented on the state of systematics. Ernst, Lautenschläger, Branquima, and Hölting, 2020, Zoosyst. Evol., 96: 254, noted the presence in Uigé Province, northwestern Angola. Marques, Ceríaco, Blackburn, and Bauer, 2018, Proc. California Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 65 (Suppl. II): 94, employed the name Hyperolius angolensis and discussed why they chose to recognize the species; and while some authors have followed this apparently Marques et al. formed the binomial in anticipation of someone else providing data for this arrangement at some point in the future. Tillack, de Ruiter, and Rödel, 2021, Zoosyst. Evol., Berlin, 97: 412, also in anticipation of revision employed the name Hyperolius angolensis and discuss the syntypes, collector, and provenance of the types of Hyperolius insignis.

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