Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Physalaemus ephippifer (Steindachner, 1864)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Leptodactylidae > Subfamily: Leiuperinae > Genus: Physalaemus > Species: Physalaemus ephippifer

Physolaemus ephippiger Jan, 1857, Cenni Mus. Civ. Milano: 52. Type(s): MSNM. Type locality: "Brasile". Nomen nudum, likely in this synonymy (DRF).

Leiuperus ephippifer Steindachner, 1864, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 14: 277. Type(s): NHMW, not traced. Type locality: "Parà und Caiçara [a locality in Mato Grosso, apparently in error]", Brazil. Restricted to "Belém, Pará", Brazil by Bokermann, 1966, Lista Anot. Local. Tipo Anf. Brasil.: 70.

Gomphobates ephippifer — Günther, 1865, Zool. Rec., 1: 128.

Physalaemus ephippifer — Bokermann, 1966, Lista Anot. Local. Tipo Anf. Brasil.: 70.

English Names

Steindachner’s Dwarf Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 83).

Distribution

Vicinity of Belem (Pará, Brazil), and a related but unnamed species in the Guianas to eastern Bolívar state, Venezuela. See comment for taxonomic issues.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural resident: Brazil

Likely/controversial occurrence in political unit: French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela

Endemic to the political unit: Brazil

Comment

In the Physalaemus cuvieri group of Nascimento, Caramaschi, and Cruz, 2005, Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, 63: 308. See comments under Physalaemus enesefae and Physalaemus fischeri. Gorzula and Señaris, 1999 "1998", Scient. Guaianae, 8: 69-71, provided the Venezuela record. Ernst, Rödel, and Arjoon, 2005, Salamandra, 41: 179-194, suggested that Physalaemus had not been recorded for Guyana prior to their record of Physalaemus sp., so inclusion of that country in the range of this species may be in error. Kaefer, Erdtmann, and Lima, 2011, Zootaxa, 2929: 57–58, reported on the advertisement call. See account for Suriname population by Ouboter and Jairam, 2012, Amph. Suriname: 216-219. See Barrio-Amorós, Rojas-Runjaic, and Señaris, 2019, Amph. Rept. Conserv., 13 (1: e180): 99, for comments on range (with special reference to Venezuela) and literature, suggesting that most references to Physalaemus fischeri from eastern Venezuela are actually Physalaemus ephippifer. Further complicating the issue, Nascimento, Lima, Suárez, Baldo, Andrade, Pierson, Fitzpatrick, Haddad, Recco-Pimentel, and Lourenço, 2019, Frontiers in Genetics, 10 (719): 1–15, reported on the phylogenetics of the Physalaemus ephippifer–Physalaemus cuvieri group, suggesting that the Guianan/Venezuelan population is an unnamed species. Hepp and Pombal, 2020, Zootaxa, 4725: 1–106, discussed this species as part of a genus-wide discussion of bioacoustical traits among the species. Lescure, Dewynter, Frétey, Ineich, Ohler, Vidal, and De Massary, 2022, Bull. Soc. Herpetol. France, 181(5): 1–17, noted records from western Pará (Brazil), Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana correspond to an unnamed species, Physalaemus cf. ephippifer, as first noted by Courtois, Vilette, Dewynter, and Fouquet, 2020, Bull. Soc. Herpetol. France, 175: 57–59.

External links:

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For additional sources of information from other sites search Google
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To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.