Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Physalaemus fischeri (Boulenger, 1890)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Leptodactylidae > Subfamily: Leiuperinae > Genus: Physalaemus > Species: Physalaemus fischeri

Paludicola fischeri Boulenger, 1890, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1890: 327. Holotype: BMNH 1947.2.18.28 (formerly 1889.12.16.764), according to museum records. Type locality: "Venezuela".

Physalaemus enesefae Heatwole, Solano, and Heatwole, 1965, Acta Biol. Venezuelica, 4: 355. Holotype: MCZ 51770 (formerly UPRP 1947), by original designation. Type locality: "Kilometer 38 on Venezuela highway No. 10, between El Dorado and La Laja, Bolivar State, Venezuela. Altitude about 100 m." Synonymy by Gorzula and Señaris Vasquez, 1999 "1998", Scient. Guaianae, 8: 73.

Physalaemus fischeri — Gorham, 1966, Das Tierreich, 85: 152.

Physalaemus neglectus dunni Cochran and Goin, 1970, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 288: 480. Holotype: USNM 147108, by original designation. Type locality: "Acacías, Meta, Colombia". Synonymy with Physalaemus enesefae by Ruiz-Carranza, Ardila-Robayo, and Lynch, 1996, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Exact. Fis. Nat., 20: 407.

Physalaemus cuvieri dunni — Harding, 1983, Cat. New World Amph.: 141. Unexplained combination.

Common Names

Fischer’s Dwarf Frog (Physalaemus fischeri: Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 83).

Heatwole’s Dwarf Frog (Physalaemus enesefae [no longer recognized]: Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 83).

Distribution

Llanos regions of Colombia as well as the llanos, upper Orinoco region, in the states of Bolívar, Amazonas, Apure, Barinas, Bolívar, Cojedes, and Guárico in Venezuela.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Colombia, Venezuela

Comment

Removed from the synonymy of Physalaemus gracilis by Rivero, 1961, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 126: 88, where it had been placed by Parker, 1927, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 9, 20: 473. Considered a synonym of Physalaemus gracilis by AJC in Duellman, 1993, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Spec. Publ., 21: 127. Duellman, 1997, Sci. Pap. Nat. Hist. Mus. Univ. Kansas, 2: 27–29, commented on the southeastern Venezuela population (as Physalaemus enesefae) and described the larvam call, and natural history. Gorzula and Señaris Vasquez, 1999 "1998", Scient. Guaianae, 8: 71-74, reported on this species in Venezuela and synonymized Physalaemus enesefae. See also taxonomic and distributional comments (as Physalaemus enesefae) by Barrio-Amorós, 1999 "1998", Acta Biol. Venezuelica, 18: 48. Tárano, 2001, Copeia, 2001: 1064–1072, reported on variation in the advertisement call of nominal Physalaemus enesefae. Tárano, 2010, S. Am. J. Herpetol., 5: 221–240, provided the advertisement call from llanos of Venezuela. In the Physalaemus cuvieri clade, Physalaemus cuvieri species group, of Lourenço, Targueta, Baldo, Nascimento, Garcia, Andrade, Haddad, and Recco-Pimentel, 2015, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 92: 204–216. Señaris Vasquez, Lampo, Rojas-Runjaic, and Barrio-Amorós, 2014, Guía Ilust. Anf. Parque Nac. Canaima: 222–223, provided a photograph and a brief account for the Parque Nacional de Canaima, Venezuela. Acosta-Galvis, 2017, Biota Colomb., 18: 282–315, reported the species from the Municipality of Yopal, Casanare Department, Colombia. See Barrio-Amorós, Rojas-Runjaic, and Señaris Vasquez, 2019, Amph. Rept. Conserv., 13 (1: e180): 99, for comments on range (with special reference to Venezuela) and literature. Hepp and Pombal, 2020, Zootaxa, 4725: 1–106, discussed this species as part of a genus-wide discussion of bioacoustical traits among the species. Barona-Cortés, García-Cobos, Venegas-Valencia, Giraldo-Bernal, Aponte-Gutiérrez, Acosta-Ortiz, Galeano, and Mendoza-Henao, 2025, Rev. Latinoam. Herpetol., 8: 157–216, provided the advertisement call from Meta (Colombia) and compared it with those from Apure and Bolívar, Venezuela.

Apure and

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