Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Physalaemus gracilis (Boulenger, 1883)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Leptodactylidae > Subfamily: Leiuperinae > Genus: Physalaemus > Species: Physalaemus gracilis

Paludicola gracilis Boulenger, 1883, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 5, 11: 17. Syntypes: "numerous specimens, only one being adult" in BMNH, these being 1947.2.18.18–27 (formerly 1882.10.4.17–26) according to museum records. Type locality: "province of Rio Grande do Sul" and three specimens "without locality data", Brazil; emended to "provàvelment São Louenço", Rio Grando do Sul, Brazil by Bokermann, 1966, Lista Anot. Local. Tipo Anf. Brasil.: 79; restricted to "Taquara, Estado de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil" by Klappenbach and Langone, 1992, An. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Montevideo, Ser. 2, 8: 195.

Paludicola ranina Cope, 1885 "1884", Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., 22: 186. Syntypes: Not designated; ANSP 11219–27, according to Malnate, 1971, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 123: 352. Type locality: "São João do Monte Negro", in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, according to Vanzolini, 1953, Copeia, 1953: 124–125. Synonymy by Boulenger, 1885, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 5, 16: 298. Discussed by Klappenbach and Langone, 1992, An. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Montevideo, Ser. 2, 8: 195. Discussed by Cardozo and Pereyra, 2018, Zootaxa, 4387: 588.

Liuperus calcaratus Philippi, 1902, Supl. Batr. Chil. Descr. Hist. Fis. Polit. Chile: 51. Types: MNHNC according to the original publication. Type locality: "Montevideo", Uruguay. Considered a nomen dubium, likely in Paludicola by Nieden, 1923, Das Tierreich, 46: 513. Synonymy by Klappenbach, 1968, Invest. Zool. Chilen., 23: 149. Discussed by Cardozo and Pereyra, 2018, Zootaxa, 4387: 588.

Pleurodema montevidense Philippi, 1902, Supl. Batr. Chil. Descr. Hist. Fis. Polit. Chile: 142. Syntypes: MNHNC (2 specimens) according to the original publication. Type locality: "Montevideo", Uruguay. (Ambiguously, the name of the collector, Arrechavaleta, appears after "Montevideo" and can easily be mistaken as place name—DRF.) Considered a nomen dubium by Nieden, 1923, Das Tierreich, 46: 500. Synonymy by Klappenbach, 1968, Invest. Zool. Chilen., 23: 150. Discussed by Cardozo and Pereyra, 2018, Zootaxa, 4387: 588.

Paludicola calcarata — Nieden, 1923, Das Tierreich, 46: 505.

Physalaemus gracilis — Parker, 1927, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 9, 20: 462.

Common Names

Graceful Dwarf Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 83).

Distribution

Southern Brazil and Uruguay to adjacent northeastern Argentina, likely into southeastern Paraguay.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay

Likely/Controversially Present: Paraguay

Comment

In the Physalaemus gracilis group of Nascimento, Caramaschi, and Cruz, 2005, Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, 63: 310. See account by Cei, 1980, Monit. Zool. Ital., N.S., Monogr., 2: 399–402, and brief account by Klappenbach and Langone, 1992, An. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Montevideo, Ser. 2, 8: 195–196. See comment under Physalaemus fischeri. Achaval and Olmos, 2003, Anf. Rept. Uruguay, ed. 2: 30, provided a brief account and photograph for the Uruguay population. Brusquetti and Lavilla, 2006, Cuad. Herpetol., 20: 25, noted that although this species probably occurs in Paraguay there are at present no voucher specimens to document it there. In the Physalaemus cuvieri clade, Physalaemus gracilis species group, of Lourenço, Targueta, Baldo, Nascimento, Garcia, Andrade, Haddad, and Recco-Pimentel, 2015, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 92: 204–216. Hepp and Pombal, 2020, Zootaxa, 4725: 1–106, discussed this species as part of a genus-wide discussion of bioacoustical traits among the species.

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