Adenomera hylaedactyla (Cope, 1868)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Leptodactylidae > Subfamily: Leptodactylinae > Genus: Adenomera > Species: Adenomera hylaedactyla

Cystignathus hylaedactylus Cope, 1868, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 20: 115. Holotype: ANSP 2240, according to Malnate, 1971, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 123: 351. Type locality: "From the Napo or upper Maranon" River, Peru. Carvalho, Giaretta, Maciel, Barrera, Aguilar-Puntriano, Haddad, Kokubum, Menin, and Angulo, Copeia, 2019: 708–723, suggested that the holotype is unidentifiable and the name may not apply to the species but to Adenomera andreae or Adenomera simonstuarti. 

Leptodactylus hylaedactylus — Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 240.

Leptodactylus hololius Boulenger, 1918, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 9, 2: 430. Holotype: BMNH, by original designation. Type locality: "Pebas, R. Marañon, Peru". Synonymy by Heyer, 1973, Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 251: 35.

Leptodactylus minutus Noble, 1923, Zoologica, New York, 3: 295. Holotype: AMNH 13495, by original designation. Type locality: "Bartica District, British Guiana". Synonymy by Heyer, 1973, Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 251: 35.

Leptodactylus rugosus Melin, 1941, Göteborgs K. Vetensk. Vitterh. Samh. Handl., Ser. B, 1: 58. Holotype: NHMG Ba. Ex. 506, according to XXX. Type locality: "vicinity of Manáos, Brazil". Synonymy by Heyer, 1973, Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 251: 35. Preoccupied by Leptodactylus rugosus Noble, 1923.

Leptodactylus poeppigi Melin, 1941, Göteborgs K. Vetensk. Vitterh. Samh. Handl., Ser. B, 1: 59. Holotype: NHMG Ba. Ex. 507, according to XXX. Type locality: "Roque, [Departamento San Martín,] Perú". Synonymy by Heyer, 1973, Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 251: 35.

Leptodactylus melini Lutz and Kloss, 1952, Mem. Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 50: 639. Replacement name for Leptodactylus rugosus Melin, 1941.

Leptodactylus marmoratus hylaedactylus — Rivero, 1961, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 126: 33.

Leptodactylus hylaedactylus — Heyer, 1973, Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 251: 35.

Adenomera hylaedactyla — Heyer, 1974, Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 253: 43; Kwet, Steiner, and Zillikens, 2009, Stud. Neotrop. Fauna Environ., 44: 94, by implication; Pyron and Wiens, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 61: 574.

Leptodactylus (Lithodytes) hylaedactylus — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 362.

English Names

Napo Tropical Bullfrog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 70).

Dark-spotted Thin-toed Frog (Hedges, Powell, Henderson, Hanson, and Murphy, 2019, Caribb. Herpetol., 67: 14). 

Distribution

Amazonian forests of southeastern Colombia and Venezuela east through the Guianas (see comment) and south into northern, eastern, and central Brazil, and south through Amazonian Ecuador and Peru to Bolivia, 0–1000 m elevation.

Comment

See account by Heyer, 1973, Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 251: 35–40. Heyer and Silverstone, 1969, Fieldiana, Zool., 51: 141–145, reported on larval morphology. See comment under Adenomera diptyx. Lescure and Marty, 2000, Collect. Patrimoines Nat., Paris, 45: 226–227, provided a photo and brief account for French Guiana. Rodríguez and Duellman, 1994, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Spec. Publ., 22: 64–65, provided a brief account for the Iquitos region of northeastern Peru. Márquez, De la Riva, and Bosch, 1995, J. Zool., London, 237: 313–336, reported on vocalization in Bolivia. Köhler, 2000, Bonn. Zool. Monogr., 48: 111–112, provided a brief account. Murphy, 1997, Amph. Rept. Trinidad Tobago: 79–80, provided an account for Trinidad. Angulo, Cocroft, and Reichle, 2003, Herpetologica, 59: 490–504, reported the call. Brusquetti and Lavilla, 2006, Cuad. Herpetol., 20: 23, suggested that Paraguayan records of this species are based on misidentifications. See account (as Leptodactylus hylaedactyla) for Surinam population by Ouboter and Jairam, 2012, Amph. Suriname: 16–19. See Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch, and Lathrop, 2013, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 125: 420–421, for brief account and records for Guyana. Zimmerman, 1983, Herpetologica, 39: 235–246, reported on advertisement call. See Barrio-Amorós, Rojas-Runjaic, and Señaris, 2019, Amph. Rept. Conserv., 13 (1: e180): 89, for comments on range and literature. Fouquet, Vidal, and Dewynter, 2019, Zoosystema, 41: 370–371, noted that the inselberg population of southern French Guiana and farther south is unlikely to be conspecific with the nominate species found along the coast. Dubeux, Silva, Nascimento, Gonçalves, and Mott, 2019, Rev. Nordestina Zool., 12: 18–52, summarized the literature on larval morphology. See brief account for the Manu region, Peru, by Villacampa-Ortega, Serrano-Rojas, and Whitworth, 2017, Amph. Manu Learning Cent.: 216–217. Dubeux, Gonçalves, Ramos, Melo, Silva, and Mott, 2020, Herpetol. Notes, 13: 997–1002, provided a record (as Adenomera aff. hylaedactyla) for Pedra Talhada Biological Reserve, Quebrangulo Municipality, Alagoas, Brazil, and commented on natural history and range.   

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