Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Mantidactylus ulcerosus (Boettger, 1880)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Mantellidae > Subfamily: Mantellinae > Genus: Mantidactylus > Species: Mantidactylus ulcerosus

Limnodytes ulcerosus Boettger, 1880, Zool. Anz., 3: 282. Syntypes: Including SMF 1068.1a-b (according to Boettger, 1892, Kat. Batr. Samml. Mus. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges.: 13), MCZ 9331-34 and 2164 (on exchange from SMF, according to Barbour and Loveridge, 1929, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69: 295), amd UMMZ 60296 (according to Peters, 1952, Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, 539: 19; an exchange from MCZ according to Kluge, 1983, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, 166: 52); SMF 6605 considered holotype (in error) by Mertens, 1967, Senckenb. Biol., 48(A): 47, Guibé, 1978, Bonn. Zool. Monogr., 11: 36, and Blommers-Schlösser, 1979, Beaufortia, 29: 9. SMF 6605 designated lectotype by Scherz, Crottini, Hutter, Hildenbrand, Andreone, Fulgence, Köhler, Ndriantsoa, Ohler, Preick, Rakotoarison, Rancilhac, Raselimanana, Riemann, Rödel, Rosa, Streicher, Vieites, Köhler, Hofreiter, Glaw, and Vences, 2022, Megataxa, 7: 1197.Type locality: "insula Nossi-Bé", Madagascar.

Rana ulcerosa — Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 462; Boettger, 1892, Kat. Batr. Samml. Mus. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges.: 13.

Mantidactylus ulcerosus — Boulenger, 1895, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 6, 15: 450.

Mantidactylus brauni Ahl, 1929 "1928", Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 14: 472. Syntypes: ZMB (2 specimens) unnumbered according to the original publication; ZMB 31617 considered holotype, in error, by Guibé, 1978, Bonn. Zool. Monogr., 11: 36. ZMB 53737 formally designated lectotype by Scherz, Crottini, Hutter, Hildenbrand, Andreone, Fulgence, Köhler, Ndriantsoa, Ohler, Preick, Rakotoarison, Rancilhac, Raselimanana, Riemann, Rödel, Rosa, Streicher, Vieites, Köhler, Hofreiter, Glaw, and Vences, 2022, Megataxa, 7: 197. Type locality: "Akkoraka (Central-Madagascar)". Blommers-Schlösser and Blanc, 1991, Faune de Madagascar, 75: 261, questioned whether the supposed syntypes are correctly identified as such. Synonymy by Guibé, 1978, Bonn. Zool. Monogr., 11: 36. Regarded as doubtfully distinct from Mantidactylus biporus by Blommers-Schlösser and Blanc, 1991, Faune de Madagascar, 75: 261. Considered a nomen dubium by Glaw and Vences, 1992, Fieldguide Amph. Rept. Madagascar: 277. Synonymy with Mantidactylus ulcerosus by Scherz, Crottini, Hutter, Hildenbrand, Andreone, Fulgence, Köhler, Ndriantsoa, Ohler, Preick, Rakotoarison, Rancilhac, Raselimanana, Riemann, Rödel, Rosa, Streicher, Vieites, Köhler, Hofreiter, Glaw, and Vences, 2022, Megataxa, 7: 197.

Mantidactylus (Mantidactylus) ulcerosus — Ahl, 1931, Das Tierreich, 55: 17.

Mantidactylus (Mantidactylus) brauni — Ahl, 1931, Das Tierreich, 55: 20.

Mantidactylus (Brygoomantis) ulcerosus — Dubois, 1992, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 61: 311; Glaw and Vences, 2006, Organisms Divers. Evol., Electron. Suppl., 11(1): 3.

English Names

Warty Madagascar Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 101).

Distribution

Widespread in the northwestern Madagascar (including the western slopes of the Makira Reserve) and Sambirano regions of Madagascar, over a wide range of elevations and habitat types; known from Angorony, Ankarafantsika, Antsatramidola, Benavony, Berara, the border of the Bealanana district (Bevitagnono and Irogno forest), between Antsohihy and Mandritsara, between Antoshihy and Port Berger, Makira West (Sahaovy, Camp 0), Nosy Be (type locality) including Lokobe National Park, Sahamalaza, and Tsaratanàna; recorded from Nosy Komba. Records from the forests of Belambo and Anjiamangirana and in the Namoroka National Park (Raselimanana 2008) require genetic confirmation. Elevation range: 0–1093 m.

Comment

Andreone, Glaw, Nussbaum, Raxworthy, Vences, and Randrianirina, 2003, J. Nat. Hist., London, 37: 2119-2149, discussed the occurrence of this species on Nosy Be. Glaw and Vences, 2007, Field Guide Amph. Rept. Madagascar, Ed. 3: 232-233, provided an account and noted a similar but unnamed species from the vicinity of Isalo. Roberts and Daly, 2014, Salamandra, 50: 18–26, reported this species from Nosy Komba, between Nosy Be and the mainland. Subgenus Brygoomantis, Mantidactylus ulcerosus clade of Scherz, Crottini, Hutter, Hildenbrand, Andreone, Fulgence, Köhler, Ndriantsoa, Ohler, Preick, Rakotoarison, Rancilhac, Raselimanana, Riemann, Rödel, Rosa, Streicher, Vieites, Köhler, Hofreiter, Glaw, and Vences, 2022, Megataxa, 7: 113–311, who provided an account detailing (p. 195–205) molecular and morphological diagnosis, natural history, advertisement call, adult and larval morphology, and distribution.

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