Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Jingophrys pachyproctus (Huang, 1981)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Megophryidae > Subfamily: Megophryinae > Genus: Jingophrys > Species: Jingophrys pachyproctus

Megophrys pachyproctus Huang In Huang and Fei, 1981, Acta Zootaxon. Sinica, 6: 211, 215. Holotype: NWIPB 770650, by original designation. Type locality: "Gelin of Medo Xian, Xizang [=Tibet], altitude 1,530 m", China. Given as "Gelin, Motuo [= Medog] County, Tibet at an elevation of 1530 m" by Huang, Lathrop, and Murphy, 1998, Smithson. Herpetol. Inform. Serv., 118: 3.

Megophrys pachyprocta — Matsui, 1985, in Frost (ed.), Amph. Species World: 416. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Megophrys (Megophrys) pachyproctus — Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 23.

Megophrys (Xenophrys) pachyproctus — Dubois and Ohler, 1998, Dumerilia, 4: 14.

Panophrys pachyproctus — Frost, 2002, Amph. Spec. World, vers. 2.21. Placed in Panophrys by reason of implication of being stated to be closely related to Megophrys minor in the original publication.

Xenophrys pachyproctus — Ohler, 2003, Alytes, 21: 23, by implication; Delorme, Dubois, Grosjean, and Ohler, 2006, Alytes, 24: 17; Chen, Zhou, Poyarkov, Stuart, Brown, Lathrop, Wang, Yuan, Jiang, Hou, Chen, Suwannapoom, Nguyen, Duong, Papenfuss, Murphy, Zhang, and Che, 2017, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 106: 41; Lyu, Zeng, Wang, Liu, Huang, Li, and Wang, 2021, Zootaxa, 4927: 40.

Xenophrys (Xenophrys) pachyproctus — Fei and Ye, 2016, Amph. China, 1: 691.

Megophrys (Xenophrys) pachyproctus — Mahony, Foley, Biju, and Teeling, 2017, Mol. Biol. Evol., 34: 756.

Xenophrys (Panophrys) pachyproctus — Poyarkov, Nguyen, Popov, Geissler, Pawangkhanant, Neang, Suwannapoom, and Orlov, 2021, Russ. J. Herpetol., 28 (3A): 37. Undiscussed subgeneric assignment.

Jingophrys pachyproctus — Lyu, Qi, Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Zeng, Wan, Yang, Mo, and Wang, 2023, Zool. Res., Kunming, 44: 400.

Common Names

Gelin Spadefoot Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 86; Li, Zhao, and Dong, 2010, Amph. Rept. Tibet: 25).

Convex-vented Horned Toad (Fei, 1999, Atlas Amph. China: 120).

Huang's Spadefoot Toad (Nguyen, Ho, and Nguyen, 2005, Checklist Amph. Rept. Vietnam: 15; Li, Zhao, and Dong, 2010, Amph. Rept. Tibet: 25).

Medog Horned Toad (Poyarkov, Nguyen, Popov, Geissler, Pawangkhanant, Neang, Suwannapoom, and Orlov, 2021, Russ. J. Herpetol., 28 (3A): 37; Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Deepak, and Kulkarni, 2023, Fauna India Checklist, vers. 5.0 : 6).

Distribution

Known from the type locality as well as Maniwong and Yarang in southwestern Xizang (Medog County), China; Lao Cai and Ha Tinh Province, Vietnam (questionably); the Talle Valley Wildlife Sanctuary in Ziro Valley of Arunachal Pradesh, India, and (questionably) in northwestern Vietnam.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: China, People's Republic of, India, Vietnam

Comment

Similar to Megophrys minor, according to the original publication. The original description, in Chinese, was translated by Huang, Lathrop, and Murphy, 1998, Smithson. Herpetol. Inform. Serv., 118. Fei, 1999, Atlas Amph. China: 120–121, provided a brief account, figure, and map. Orlov, Murphy, Ananjeva, Ryabov, and Ho, 2002, Russ. J. Herpetol., 9: 83, provided the Vietnam component of the range statement. Nguyen, Ho, and Nguyen, 2005, Checklist Amph. Rept. Vietnam: 15, noted the range in Vietnam to be Lao Cai and Ha Tinh provinces. In the Megophrys parva group of Fei, Ye, Huang, Jiang, and Xie, 2005, in Fei et al. (eds.), Illust. Key Chinese Amph.: 82. Fei, Hu, Ye, and Huang, 2009, Fauna Sinica, Amph. 2: 457–461, provided an account for China, illustration of the holotype, and spot map. Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2010, Colored Atlas of Chinese Amph.: 201, provided a brief account including photographs. Li, Zhao, and Dong, 2010, Amph. Rept. Tibet: 25–26, provided an account for Xizang, China. Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2012, Colored Atlas Chinese Amph. Distr.: 229, provided an account, photographs, and a range map for China. Fei and Ye, 2016, Amph. China, 1: 691–693, provided an account, photographs, and dot map, as Xenophrys pachyproctus. Saikia and Sinha, 2018, Rec. Zool. Surv. India, 118: 430–436, reported the species from Talle Valley Wildlife Sanctuary in Ziro Valley of Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India. See account by Che, Jiang, Yan, and Zhang, 2020, Amph. Rept. Tibet: 116–119, as Xenophrys pachyproctus. See account, redescription of the holotype, and discussion of the literature, clear and questionable misidentifications, and taxononomic status by Shi, Zhang, Xie, Jiang, Liu, Ding, Luan, and Wang, 2020, ZooKeys, 977: 119–124; the authors (pp. 127–133) also provided a detailed account for an unnamed, but related species, Megophrys cf. pachyproctus. Che, Jiang, Yan, and Zhang, 2020, Amph. Rept. Tibet: 116–119, provided a detailed account as Xenophrys pachyproctus for Tibet, China. Not assigned to species group by Lyu, Zeng, Wang, Liu, Huang, Li, and Wang, 2021, Zootaxa, 4927: 9–40. Poyarkov, Nguyen, Popov, Geissler, Pawangkhanant, Neang, Suwannapoom, and Orlov, 2021, Russ. J. Herpetol., 28 (3A): 37, questioned the Vietnam record. Lyu, Qi, Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Zeng, Wan, Yang, Mo, and Wang, 2023, Zool. Res., Kunming, 44: 400–401, provided a detailed account for the Chinese part of the range.

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