Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Megophryinae (Bonaparte, 1850)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Megophryidae > Subfamily: Megophryinae

115 species

Megalophreidina Bonaparte, 1850, Conspect. Syst. Herpetol. Amph.: 1 p. Type genus: Megalophrys Wagler, 1830 (= Megophrys Kuhl and Van Hasselt, 1822).

Megalophryinae — Fejérváry, 1922 "1921", Arch. Naturgesch., Abt. A,, 87: 25.

Megophryinae — Noble, 1931, Biol. Amph.: 492; Delorme, Dubois, Grosjean, and Ohler, 2006, Alytes, 24: 15.

Megalophryninae — Tamarunov, 1964, in Orlov (ed.), Osnovy Paleontologii, 12: 129.

Megophryini — Dubois, 1980, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 49: 471; Delorme, Dubois, Grosjean, and Ohler, 2006, Alytes, 24: 15.

Megophryidae — Ford and Cannatella, 1993, Herpetol. Monogr., 7: 94–117.

Xenophryini Delorme, Dubois, Grosjean, and Ohler, 2006, Alytes, 24: 17. Type genus Xenophrys Günther, 1864.

English Names

Asian Spadefoot Toads (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 87; Li, Zhao, and Dong, 2010, Amph. Rept. Tibet: 22).

Distribution

Tropical Asia from India and Bhutan to China and south to the Sundas and the Philippines.

Comment

See discussion under Megophryidae and Megophrys. There is a substantial rank-disagreement within the taxa within Megophryinae, some authors considering the genera currently recognized as genera to be subgenera. I (DRF) do not see any quick resolution since the two sides agree for the most part on the topology. The controversy has made for surprising political allies (the big genus + subgenera group siding with those who want to partition Megophrys into 7 genera) so I do not expect the controversy to settle any time soon.

Contained taxa (115 sp.):

"Megophrys" dringi Inger, Stuebing, and Tan, 1995

"Megophrys" feii Yang, Wang, and Wang, 2018

Atympanophrys Tian and Hu, 1983 (4 sp.)

Brachytarsophrys Tian and Hu, 1983 (7 sp.)

Megophrys Kuhl and Van Hasselt, 1822 (3 sp.)

Ophryophryne Boulenger, 1903 (6 sp.)

Panophrys Rao and Yang, 1997 (57 sp.)

Pelobatrachus Beddard, 1908 "1907" (7 sp.)

Xenophrys Günther, 1864 (29 sp.)

External links:

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