Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Austrochaperina Fry, 1912

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Microhylidae > Subfamily: Asterophryinae > Genus: Austrochaperina

29 species

Austrochaperina Fry, 1912, Rec. Aust. Mus., 9: 93. Type species: Austrochaperina robusta Fry, 1912, by original designation.

Common Names

None noted.

Distribution

Australia, New Guinea, and New Britain I.

Comment

Removed from the synonymy of Sphenophryne by Zweifel, 2000, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 253: 9, where it had been placed by Nieden, 1926, Das Tierreich, 49: 50. Revision in Zweifel, 2000, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 253: 1–130. Hoskin, 2004, Aust. J. Zool., 52: 240, provided a molecular tree of the Australian species. Köhler and Günther, 2008, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 47: 353–365, suggested that Austrochaperina is not monophyletic, with each of two monophyletic units of "Austrochaperina" most closely related to pieces of an equally nonmonophyletic "Copiula". Hoskin, 2008, Mem. Queensland Mus., 52: 233–237, provided a key to the species of Australia. Pyron and Wiens, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 61: 543–583, in their molecular study, did not refute this result due to decreased taxon sampling. Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 418, placed Austrochaperina (as well as all other asterophryine genera other than Gastrophrynoides) into Asterophrys as a way of dealing with the non-monophyly of several of the genera. Among the terminals in their molecular study Australochaperina presented as polyphyletic, with Australochaperina robusta (the type species) being imbedded in Callulops and Australochaperina palmipes being in a distant clade along with Cophixalus sphagnicolus and Barygenys flavigularis. Portik, Streicher, and Wiens, 2023, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 188 (107907): 66, suggested that this genus is polyphyletic, but did not include the type species in their analysis. Brennan, Hoskin, Richards, Lemmon, Lemmon, Donnellan, and Keogh, 2026, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 224(108676): 1–9, also recovered Austrochaperina as polyphyletic, with four separate clades in their tree the clade containing the type species, Austrochaperina robusta, forming the sister taxon of Copiula guttata.

Contained taxa (29 sp.):

Austrochaperina adamantina Zweifel, 2000

Austrochaperina adelphe (Zweifel, 1985)

Austrochaperina alexanderi Günther, Richards, and Dahl, 2014

Austrochaperina aquilonia Zweifel, 2000

Austrochaperina archboldi Zweifel, 2000

Austrochaperina basipalmata (Van Kampen, 1906)

Austrochaperina beehleri Günther and Richards, 2019

Austrochaperina blumi Zweifel, 2000

Austrochaperina brachypus Günther and Richards, 2019

Austrochaperina brevipes (Boulenger, 1897)

Austrochaperina fryi (Zweifel, 1962)

Austrochaperina fulva Günther and Richards, 2019

Austrochaperina gracilipes Fry, 1912

Austrochaperina hooglandi (Zweifel, 1967)

Austrochaperina kosarek Zweifel, 2000

Austrochaperina laurae Günther, Richards, and Dahl, 2014

Austrochaperina macrorhyncha (Van Kampen, 1906)

Austrochaperina mehelyi (Parker, 1934)

Austrochaperina minutissima Günther, 2009

Austrochaperina novaebritanniae Zweifel, 2000

Austrochaperina palmipes (Zweifel, 1956)

Austrochaperina parkeri Zweifel, 2000

Austrochaperina pluvialis (Zweifel, 1965)

Austrochaperina polysticta (Méhely, 1901)

Austrochaperina punctata (Van Kampen, 1913)

Austrochaperina robusta Fry, 1912

Austrochaperina rudolfarndti Günther, 2017

Austrochaperina septentrionalis Allison and Kraus, 2003

Austrochaperina yelaensis Zweifel, 2000

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