Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Elachistocleis cesarii (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Microhylidae > Subfamily: Gastrophryninae > Genus: Elachistocleis > Species: Elachistocleis cesarii

Engystoma ovale cesarii Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920, Rev. Mus. Paulista, São Paulo, 12: 284. Syntypes: MZUP 33 (Ypiranga), 36 (Perus), 37 (Cubatão), 38 (Belém), 42 (Ypiranga), 264 (Piquete), 529 (Alto da Serra), 715 (Alto da Serra), 2024-27 (Perus) according to Toledo, Loebmann, and Haddad, 2010, Zootaxa, 2418: 50, who designated MZUSP 529 as lectotype. Type localities: "Piquete", "Os Perus", "Alto da Serra—S. Paulo", and "Cubatao-Santos", São Paulo, Brazil; restricted to "São Paulo", Brazil, by Cochran, 1955 "1954", Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 206: 364; lectotype from "Alto da Serra", São Paulo, Brazil.

Engystoma ovale lineatum Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920, Rev. Mus. Paulista, São Paulo, 12: 284. Syntypes: MZUSP 39 (now 2022) (2 specimens). Type locality: R. da Serra, São Paulo, Brazil. Given as "Piassaguera (= Raiz da Serra), São Paulo", Brazil by Bokermann, 1966, Lista Anot. Local. Tipo Anf. Brasil.: 39. Synonymy by Toledo, Loebmann, and Haddad, 2010, Zootaxa, 2418: 50-60.

Engystoma cesarii mottae Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920, Rev. Mus. Paulista, São Paulo, 12: 284. Types: not stated; given by museum records MZUSP 36 (2024-2027), 37 (2023), 42, 264 and 529. Type locality: São Paulo, Brazil. Nomen nudum. Synonymy (with Elachistocleis ovalis) by Parker, 1934, Monogr. Frogs Fam. Microhylidae: 121. Associated here with Engystoma ovale cesarii Miranda-Ribeiro by reason of the types of Engystoma cesarii mottae being in the syntypic series of Engystoma ovale cesarii.

Elachistocleis cesarii — Toledo, Loebmann, and Haddad, 2010, Zootaxa, 2418: 50.

Engystoma cesarii — Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 216.

Common Names

None noted.

Distribution

Southeastern to central Brazil in central Mato Grosso, Goias, southern Minas Gerais, and São Paulo, .

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Brazil

Endemic: Brazil

Comment

Redescribed and removed from the synonymy of Elachistocleis bicolor by Toledo, Loebmann, and Haddad, 2010, Zootaxa, 2418: 50–60, who also described the advertisement call. Cruz, Feio, and Caramaschi, 2009, Anf. Ibitipoca: 124–125, provided photographs and a brief account (as Elachistocleis ovalis) for Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Magalhães, Santana, Mollo, and Garda, 2012, Zootaxa, 3187: 54–56, reported on larval morphology. Neves, Yves, Pereira Silva, Alves, Vasques, Coelho, and Silva, 2019, Herpetozoa, Wien, 32: 113–123, provided habitat information and records for western Minas Gerais, Brazil. See Dubeux, Nascimento, Lima, Magalhães, Silva, Gonçalves, Almeida, Correia, Garda, Mesquita, Rossa-Feres, and Mott, 2020, Biota Neotrop., 20 (2: e20180718): 1–24, for characterization and identification of larvae north of the Rio São Francisco in the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil. Vaz-Silva, Maciel, Nomura, Morais, Guerra Batista, Santos, Andrade, Oliveira, Brandão, and Bastos, 2020, Guia Ident. Anf. Goiás e Dist. Fed. Brasil Central: 154–155, provided an account for Goiás, Brazil. Eterovick, Souza, and Sazima, 2020, Anf. Serra do Cipó: 1–292, provided an account, life history information, and an identification scheme for the Serra de Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Jowers, Othman, Borzée, Rivas-Fuenmayor, Sánchez-Ramírez, Auguste, Downie, Read, and Murphy, 2021, Organisms Divers. Evol., 21: 189–206, discussed the phylogenetics and biogeography of this species. Alves-Ferreira, Paixão, and Nomura, 2021, Biota Neotrop., 21 (4: e20201178): 1–11, reported on larval morphology in Goias, Brazil. Pezzuti, Leite, Rossa-Feres, and Garcia, 2021, S. Am. J. Herpetol., 22 (Special Issue): 1–109, described and discussed larval morphology and natural history. In the Elachistocleis surinamensis group of Novaes-e-Fagundes, Lyra, Loredam, Carvalho, Haddad, Rodrigues, Baldo, Barrasso, Loebmann, Ávila, Brusquetti, Prudente, Wheeler, Orrico, and Peloso, 2023, Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 197: 545–568, who provided a dot map. Santos, Feio, and Nomura, 2023, Biota Neotrop., 23 (3:e20231486): 1–43, characterized tadpole morphology as part of an identification key to the tadpoles of the Brazilian Cerrado.

External links:

Please note: these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the American Museum of Natural History. We are not responsible for their content.

For access to general information see Wikipedia
For additional sources of general information from other websites search Google
For access to relevant technical literature search Google Scholar
For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist