Gastrophryninae Fitzinger, 1843

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Microhylidae > Subfamily: Gastrophryninae
79 species

Gastrophrynae Fitzinger, 1843, Syst. Rept.: 33. Type genus: Gastrophryne Fitzinger, 1843. Synonymy by Parker, 1934, Monogr. Frogs Fam. Microhylidae: 71.

Engystomatidarum Boulenger, 1887, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 5, 20: 50-53. Type genus: Engystoma Fitzinger, 1826. Synonymy by Parker, 1934, Monogr. Frogs Fam. Microhylidae: 71. See comment under Engystoma Fitzinger, 1826.

Gastrophrynidae — Metcalf, 1923, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 120: 25; Bossuyt and Roelants, 2009, in Hedges and Kumar (eds.), Timetree of Life: 358.

Gastrophryninae — Metcalf, 1923, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 120: 274; Laurent, 1986, in Grassé and Delsol (eds.), Traite de Zool., 14: 744.

Gastrophrynini — Dubois, 2005, Alytes, 23: 15.

English Names

None noted. 

Distribution

North and South America. 

Comment

See comment under Microhylinae; several genera of New World microhylids were not assigned to subfamily by Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 225 (Adelastes, Altigius, Arcovomer, Chiasmocleis, Hyophryne, Hypopachus, Otophryne, Relictovomer, Stereocyclops, Synapturanus, and Syncope), of which all have now (March 2014) been assigned with the exception of Adelastes. Regardless, considerable literature addresses the New World microhylids. Carvalho, 1954, Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, 555: 1-19, reviewed the New World genera. Walker, 1973, Occas. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 20: 1-7, compared a number of features of the New World genera. Dunn, 1949, Am. Mus. Novit., 1419: 1-21, reviewed South American species. Cochran, 1955 "1954", Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 206: 361-372, reviewed the southeastern Brazilian species. On the basis of karyology, Bogart, Pyburn, and Nelson, 1976, Herpetologica, 32: 210, suggested that Otophryne robusta is not closely allied to other New World microhylids, a suggestion possibly supported by the toothed larva described by Pyburn, 1980, Pap. Avulsos Zool., São Paulo, 33: 231-238. Wild, 1995, Copeia, 1995: 837-849, presented a phylogenetic analysis of New World genera and synonymized Otophryninae on the basis that its recognition would render New World Microhylinae (= ca. Gastrophryninae) paraphyletic; see comment under Otophryninae. Dubois, 2005, Alytes, 23: 16; without discussion, regarded the New World component of Microhylinae as the tribe Gastrophrynini, and the Old World component as Microhylini, without producing any evidence of either's monophyly. Bossuyt and Roelants, 2009, in Hedges and Kumar (eds.), Timetree of Life: 357-364, considered this taxon a distinct family, Gastrophrynidae. Greenbaum, Smith, and de Sá, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 61: 265-277, suggested that Gastrophryninae is paraphyletic with respect to Phrynomerinae, but this conclusion was based on sparse taxon sampling and less evidence than previous publications. Pyron and Wiens, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 61: 543-583, suggested that Gastrophryninae is the sister taxon of Hoplophryninae + Cophylinae. Tu, Yang, Liang, and Zhang, 2018, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 126: 85–91, suggested on the basis of more evidence that Gastrophryninae is the sister taxon of Otophryninae, and provided a tree of all of the genera, all of which were found to be monophyletic. Sánchez-Nivicela, Peloso, Urgilés, Yánez-Muñoz, Sagredo, Páez, and Ron, 2020, Zootaxa, 4779: 323–340, discussed the molecular phylogenetics within the taxon. 

Contained taxa (79 sp.):

Arcovomer Carvalho, 1954 (1 sp.)
Chiasmocleis Méhely, 1904 (36 sp.)
Ctenophryne Mocquard, 1904 (6 sp.)
Dasypops Miranda-Ribeiro, 1924 (1 sp.)
Dermatonotus Méhely, 1904 (1 sp.)
Elachistocleis Parker, 1927 (19 sp.)
Gastrophryne Fitzinger, 1843 (4 sp.)
Hamptophryne Carvalho, 1954 (2 sp.)
Hypopachus Keferstein, 1867 (4 sp.)
Myersiella Carvalho, 1954 (1 sp.)
Stereocyclops Cope, 1870 (4 sp.)

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