Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Hypopachus pictiventris (Cope, 1886)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Microhylidae > Subfamily: Gastrophryninae > Genus: Hypopachus > Species: Hypopachus pictiventris

Engystoma pictiventre Cope, 1886, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., 23: 272. Holotype: USNM 14196 according to Cochran, 1961, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 220: 48. Type locality: "Nicaragua"; restricted by Savage, 1973, J. Herpetol., 7: 37, to "between El Castillo and San Juan del Norte along the Río San Juan . . . Departamento Río San Juan, Nicaragua".

Gastrophryne pictiventris — Stejneger, 1910, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 23: 166; Carvalho, 1954, Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, 555: 1–19.

Engystoma pictiventris — Nieden, 1926, Das Tierreich, 49: 64.

Microhyla pictiventris — Parker, 1934, Monogr. Frogs Fam. Microhylidae: 126.

Hypopachus pictiventris — Streicher, Cox, Campbell, Smith, and de Sá, 2012, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 64: 645–653.

Common Names

Nicaragua Narrowmouth Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 89).

Southern Narrow-mouthed Toad (Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 96).

Distribution

Lowlands of southeastern Nicaragua and northeastern Costa Rica, sea level to 500 m elevation.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Costa Rica, Nicaragua

Comment

Reviewed by Nelson, 1973, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept., 135: 1–2 (as Gastrophryne pictiventris). Lips and Savage, 1996, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 109: 17–26, included this species (as Gastrophryne pictiventris) in a key to the tadpoles found in Costa Rica. Donnelly, de Sá, and Guyer, 1990, Am. Mus. Novit., 2976: 1–19, reported on larval morphology (as Gastrophryne pictiventris). See account (as Gastrophryne pictiventris) by Savage, 2002, Amph. Rept. Costa Rica: 393–394. See comments by Sunyer, Páiz, Dehling, and Köhler, 2009, Herpetol. Notes, 2: 189–202, regarding Nicaraguan populations (as Gastrophryne pictiventris). Köhler, 2011, Amph. Cent. Am.: 285–286, provided a brief summary of natural history and provided a range map and photograph for this species (as Gastrophryne pictiventris). Streicher, Cox, Campbell, Smith, and de Sá, 2012, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 64: 645–653, demonstrated that Gastrophryne was paraphyletic with respect to Hypopachus and remedied this with the transfer of Gastrophryne pictiventris and Gastrophryne elegans to Hypopachus). Sunyer, Martínez-Fonseca, Salazar-Saavedra, Galindo-Uribe, and Obando, 2014, Mesoam. Herpetol., 1: 172, provided the third record for Nicaragua from the department of Atlántico Sur, Nicaragua.

External links:

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To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.