Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Hypopachus ustus (Cope, 1866)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Microhylidae > Subfamily: Gastrophryninae > Genus: Hypopachus > Species: Hypopachus ustus

Engystoma ustum Cope, 1866, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 18: 131. Holotype: USNM 24965 according to Kellogg, 1932, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 160: 188; Cochran, 1961, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 220: 48. Type locality: "Guadalaxara [= Guadalajara, Jalisco], West Mexico"; apparently in error, according to Nelson, 1972, J. Herpetol., 6: 119, who corrected the type locality to "Tecoman, Colima, Mexico".

Systoma ustum — Cope, 1867, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Ser. 2, 6: 194.

Engystoma mexicanum Peters, 1870 "1869", Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1869: 881. Holotype: ZMB 6667 according to Nelson, 1972, Herpetol. Rev., 4: 90, and Bauer, Günther, and Robeck, 1996, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 72: 263. Type locality: "wareren Gegenden Mexicos (Matamoros u. a. o.)" (= warmer parts of Mexico (Matamoros and other areas); stated as "State of Puebla, Mexico" by Parker, 1934, Monogr. Frogs Fam. Microhylidae: 149; restricted to "[Izucar de] Matamoros, Puebla", Mexico, by Taylor and Smith, 1945, Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus., 95: 603, and Smith and Taylor, 1950, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 33: 341; this restriction rejected by Nelson, 1972, Herpetol. Rev., 4: 90. Synonymy by Cope, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 23: 216; Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 161.

Eupemphix gadovii Boulenger, 1903, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, 12: 552. Syntypes: Not stated; BMNH 1903.9.30.259–261 according to Kellogg, 1932, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 160: 188; reregistered 1947.2.11.54–56 according to Nelson, 1972, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept., 123: 1. Type locality: "San Mateo del Mar", near Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Mexico. Synonymy by Stejneger, 1910, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 23: 165–168.

Gastrophryne usta — Stejneger, 1910, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 23: 166.

Engystoma usta — Nieden, 1926, Das Tierreich, 49: 64.

Microhyla usta — Parker, 1934, Monogr. Frogs Fam. Microhylidae: 126.

Microhyla usta gadovii — Taylor and Smith, 1945, Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus., 95: 603.

Microhyla usta usta — Taylor and Smith, 1945, Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus., 95: 603.

Microhyla gadovii — Maldonado-Koerdell, 1953, in Beltrán (ed.), Vida Silvestre y Recursos Nat. Largo Carr. Panamericana: 117.

Gastrophryne usta usta — Carvalho, 1954, Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, 555: 13.

Gastrophryne usta gadovii — Carvalho, 1954, Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, 555: 13.

Gastrophryne usta gadowi — Duellman, 1960, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 13: 67. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Gastrophryne usta retifera Lynch, 1965, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 68: 397. Holotype: UIMNH 20048, by original designation. Type locality: "near San Andres Tuxtla, Veracruz, Mexico". Status rejected by Nelson, 1972, J. Herpetol., 6: 122.

Hypopachus ustum — Streicher, Cox, Campbell, Smith, and de Sá, 2012, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 64: 645–653. Incorrect gender of species name.

Hypopachus ustus — Frost, 2013, Amph. Spec. World, Vers. 5.6. Correction of gender.

Common Names

Two-spaded Narrowmouth Toad (Liner, 1994, Herpetol. Circ., 23: 22).

Two-spade Narrowmouth Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 89).

Two-spaded Narrow-mouthed Toad (Liner and Casas-Andreu, 2008, Herpetol. Circ., 38: 14).

Distribution

Central Sinaloa, the Balsas Depression, and central Veracruz to Chiapas (Mexico), Guatemala, and El Salvador on the Pacific versant.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico

Comment

Reviewed by Nelson, 1972, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept., 123: 1–2 (as Gastrophryne usta). Published records for elevations above 1000 m and those for the Lerma-Chapala drainage system are apparently spurious, as discussed by Nelson, 1972, J. Herpetol., 6: 118–119 (as Gastrophryne usta), who also provided details of distribution. Subspecies suggested, most recently by Lynch, 1965, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 68: 396–400, rejected by Nelson, 1972, J. Herpetol., 6: 122. Valenzuela Galván, Chávez-Juárez, and Alcaraz-Cruz, 2004, Herpetol. Rev., 35: 184, provided the Morelos, Mexico, record. Köhler, Veselý, and Greenbaum, 2005 "2006", Amph. Rept. El Salvador: 62–63, provided an account (for El Salvador; as Gastrophryne usta) and a color photograph. Köhler, 2011, Amph. Cent. Am.: 285–286, provided a brief summary of natural history and provided a range map and photograph for this species (as Gastrophryne usta). Castro-Bastidas, Barraza-Herrera, Barreras-Gaxiola, and Loc-Barragán, 2023, Rev. Latinoam. Herpetol., 106: 36–38, reported specimens from Sinaloa (Municipality of Escuinapa), Mexico, the first in over 40 years. Loc-Barragán, Smith, Woolrich-Piña, and Lemos-Espinal, 2024, Herpetozoa, Wien, 37: 30, reported on the distributional and conservation status in the state of Nayarit, Mexico.

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For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist