Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Scaphiophryne obscura (Grandidier, 1872)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Microhylidae > Subfamily: Scaphiophryninae > Genus: Scaphiophryne > Species: Scaphiophryne obscura

Hemisus obscurus Grandidier, 1872, Ann. Sci. Nat., Paris, Ser. 5, 15: 11. Syntypes: MNHNP 1895.280 (4 specimens), according to Guibé, 1950 "1948", Cat. Types Amph. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat.: 47; MNHNP 1895.280 (others tagged as A and B, with the fourth lost) designated lectotype by Scherz, Schmidt, Crottini, Miralles, Rakotoarison, Raselimanana, Köhler, Glaw, and Vences, 2021, Zootaxa, 4938: 405. Type locality: "Côte N.O. [northwest] de Madagascar".

Pseudohemisus obscurus — Mocquard, 1895, Bull. Soc. Philomath., Paris, Ser. 8, 7: 108; Noble and Parker, 1926, Am. Mus. Novit., 232: 19.

Pseudohemisus longimanus var. melanopleura Angel, 1934, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 59: 171. Syntypes: MNHNP 1953.148-149 (2 specimens), by original designation and according to Guibé, 1950 "1948", Cat. Types Amph. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat.: 47. MNHNP 1933.149 designated lectotype by Scherz, Schmidt, Crottini, Miralles, Rakotoarison, Raselimanana, Köhler, Glaw, and Vences, 2021, Zootaxa, 4938: 410. Type locality: "Antsingy, province du Manabé, alt. 300 mètres (Ouest de Madagascar)". Synonymy by Scherz, Schmidt, Crottini, Miralles, Rakotoarison, Raselimanana, Köhler, Glaw, and Vences, 2021, Zootaxa, 4938: 411.

Pseudohemisus granulosus Guibé, 1952, Mem. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Ser. A, 7: 109. Holotype: MNHNP 1953.238, by original designation. Type locality: "Grotte d'Andranoboka", Bay Mahajamba, north of Majunga, western Madagascar. Synonymy with Scaphiophryne calcarata by Blommers-Schlösser and Blanc, 1991, Faune de Madagascar, 75: 27. Synonymy with Scaphiophryne obscura by Scherz, Schmidt, Crottini, Miralles, Rakotoarison, Raselimanana, Köhler, Glaw, and Vences, 2021, Zootaxa, 4938: 411.

Scaphiophryne (Pseudohemisus) obscura — Scherz, Schmidt, Crottini, Miralles, Rakotoarison, Raselimanana, Köhler, Glaw, and Vences, 2021, Zootaxa, 4938: 406.

English Names

Grandidier's Rain Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 114).

Distribution

Western and northwestern Madagascar.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Madagascar

Endemic: Madagascar

Comment

Guibé, 1978, Bonn. Zool. Monogr., 11: 110, and Blommers-Schlösser and Blanc, 1991, Faune de Madagascar, 75: 34, considered the status of this species dubious. Scherz, Schmidt, Crottini, Miralles, Rakotoarison, Raselimanana, Köhler, Glaw, and Vences, 2021, Zootaxa, 4938: 392–420, pictured the lectotype, discussed the systematics, advertisement call, and morphology, placing this species in their Scaphiophryne calcarata complex, also noting that two lineages (a western and a northwestern one of which the lectotype is from the northwestern lineage).

External links:

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To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.