Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Proceratophrys appendiculata (Günther, 1873)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Odontophrynidae > Genus: Proceratophrys > Species: Proceratophrys appendiculata

Ceratophrys appendiculata Günther, 1873, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 4, 11: 418. Holotype: BMNH according to Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 223, now lost according to Dias, Amaro, Carvalho-e-Silva, and Rodrigues, 2013, Zootaxa, 3682: 292, who gave as "BMNH 027" (presumably a field number) for the missing holotype. Type locality: "Brazil"; on the basis of osteological characters considered to have come from "somewhere at the Serra dos Órgãos", Brazil, according to Dias, Amaro, Carvalho-e-Silva, and Rodrigues, 2013, Zootaxa, 3682: 292.

Ceratophrys cafferi Camerano, 1879, Atti Accad. Sci. Torino, Cl. Sci. Fis. Mat. Nat., 14: 880. Holotype: MZUT An540, according to Gavetti and Andreone, 1993, Cat. Mus. Reg. Sci. Nat., Torino, 10: 51. Type locality: "Brasile . . . . nelle foreste vergini dell Serra degli Organi" (= Organ Mountains, Brazil). Given as "Serra dos Órgaos, Terezópolis, Rio de Janeiro", Brazil by Bokermann, 1966, Lista Anot. Local. Tipo Anf. Brasil.: 25. Synonymy by Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 222.

Stombus appendiculatus — Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920, Rev. Mus. Paulista, São Paulo, 12: 302.

Ceratophrys appendiculata — Nieden, 1923, Das Tierreich, 46: 382; Cochran, 1955 "1954", Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 206: 223.

Stombus appendiculatus appendiculatus — Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926, Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, 27: 125.

Stombus appendiculatus var. unicolor Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926, Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, 27: 125. Syntypes: MNRJ, by original designation. Recorded as MNRJ 0298 by Prado and Pombal, 2008, Arq. Zool., São Paulo, 39: 32. Type locality: "Alto da Serra—S[ão]. Paulo—Santos", Brazil. Given as "Japuíba, Cachoeiras de Macacu, Rio de Janeiro" by Prado and Pombal, 2008, Arq. Zool., São Paulo, 39: 32.

Stombus appendiculatus — Reig and Limeses, 1963, Physis, Buenos Aires, 24: 114.

Stombus appendiculatus incolor — Bokermann, 1966, Lista Anot. Local. Tipo Anf. Brasil.: 92. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Proceratophrys appendiculata — Lynch, 1971, Misc. Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 53: 134.

English Names

Guenther's Horned Frog (Cochran, 1961, Living Amph. World: 88).

Günther's Horned Frog (Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 91).

Gunther's Smooth Horned Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 84).

Distribution

Serra dos Órgãos in the Municipalities of Duque de Caxias, Cachoeiras de Macacu, Petrópolis, and Teresópolis in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil.

Comment

See Izecksohn, Cruz, and Peixoto, 1999 "1998", Rev. Univ. Rural, Ser. Cienc. Vida, 20: 37–54, for discussion. See Prado and Pombal, 2008, Arq. Zool., São Paulo, 39: 1–85 [32–38], for account. Populations in eastern Sao Paulo are now assigned to Proceratophrys belzebul. Dias, Amaro, Carvalho-e-Silva, and Rodrigues, 2013, Zootaxa, 3682: 277–304, provided an account and range map. Dias, Carvalho-e-Silva, and Carvalho-e-Silva, 2013, Zootaxa, 3683: 427–438, reported on the morphology of the larval chondrocranium. Dias, Hepp, Carvalho-e-Silva, and Carvalho-e-Silva, 2013, Zoologia, Curitiba, 30: 388–396, reported on the advertisement call and breeding biology.

External links:

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