Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Proceratophrys avelinoi Mercadal de Barrio and Barrio, 1993

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Odontophrynidae > Genus: Proceratophrys > Species: Proceratophrys avelinoi

Proceratophrys avelinoi Mercadal de Barrio and Barrio, 1993, Amphibia-Reptilia, 14: 14. Holotype: CENAI 10.867, by original designation; now in MACN. Type locality: "Moncholito, Misiones, República Argentina".

English Names

Avelino's Smooth Horned Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 84).

Cow Frog (Hiert and Moura, 2004, Herpetol. Rev., 35: 184).

Distribution

Known from several localities in Misiones Province, Argentina, and in Londrina and Guarapuava municipality, state of Paraná and Municipality of Derrubadas, extreme northern Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; also reported for extreme southeastern Paraguay (departments of Itapúa and Alto Paraná) in isolated populations.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay

Comment

In the Proceratophrys bigibbosa group according to Kwet and Faivovich, 2001, Copeia, 2001: 203-215, who provided an account. Herrero, 1991, Genet. Select. Evol., 23: 184-185, provided an additional Brasilian record and discussed the range. de Sá and Langone, 2002, J. Herpetol., 36: 490–494, reported on larval morphology. Kwet and Baldo, 2003, Amphibia-Reptilia, 24: 104–107, reported on the advertisement call. Brusquetti and Lavilla, 2006, Cuad. Herpetol., 20: 16-17, provided the first record for Paraguay (Itapúa). Cacciali, Esquivel, Elder, Smith, and Brusquetti, 2007, Bellbird (online: http://www.faunaparaguay.com/jproceratophrys.html), 2: 1 page, reported a new locality in Paraguay near the other Paraguayan locality. Caldart, Iop, Santos, and Cechin, 2010, Biota Neotrop., 10: 143-147, provided a record for extreme northern Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil and provided a locality map for the species. Carosini, Pérez, Ortiz, Valdez, Torres, and de la Sancha, 2010, Check List, 6: 332–333, provided a new locality, and discussed the range of the species in Paraguay (isolated records in the departments of Itapúa and Alto Paraná). Weiler, Núñez, Airaldi, Lavilla, Peris, and Baldo, 2013, Anf. Paraguay: 120, provided a brief account, image, and dot map for Paraguay.

External links:

Please note: these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the American Museum of Natural History. We are not responsible for their content.

For additional sources of general information from other websites search Google
For access to relevant technical literature search Google Scholar
For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.