Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Proceratophrys bigibbosa (Peters, 1872)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Odontophrynidae > Genus: Proceratophrys > Species: Proceratophrys bigibbosa

Ceratophrys bigibbosa Peters, 1872, Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1872: 204. Holotype: ZMB 6790 according to Bauer, Günther, and Klipfel, 1995, in Bauer et al. (eds.), Herpetol. Contr. W.C.H. Peters: 45. Type locality: "Rio grande do Sul", Brazil.

Proceratophrys bigibbosa — Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920, Rev. Mus. Paulista, São Paulo, 12: 303; Lynch, 1971, Misc. Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 53: 134.

Proceratophrys cristinae Braun, 1973, Iheringia, Zool., 43: 91. Holotype: MRGS 04650, by original designation. Type locality: "Nova Petrópolis, RS [Rio Grande do Sul]", Brazil. Synonymy by Kwet and Faivovich, 2001, Copeia, 2001: 208.

English Names

Peters' Smooth Horned Frog (Proceratophrys bigibbosa: Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 84).

Cristina's Smooth Horned Frog (Proceratophrys cristinae [no longer recognized]: Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 84).

Distribution

Southern Brazil (central and northern Rio Grande do Sul and adjacent Santa Catarina) and northeastern Argentina (two localities in Misiones Province), 300-1200 m elevation; likely into adjacent Paraguay.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Argentina, Brazil

Comment

See accounts by Cei, 1980, Monit. Zool. Ital., N.S., Monogr., 2: 310-311, and Kwet and Faivovich, 2001, Copeia, 2001: 203-215 (who noted that it is a member of the Proceratophrys bigibbosa group and described the advertisement call). See comment under Proceratophrys palustris. Brusquetti and Lavilla, 2006, Cuad. Herpetol., 20: 27, suggested that this species likely occurs in adjacent Paraguay. See statement of geographic range, habitat, and conservation status in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 623. Santos, Colombo, Leonardi, Zank, Schossler, Vieira, Grant, Borges-Martins, and Verrastro, 2009, Check List, 5: 922-925, provided a dot-map and discussed the range. Dias, 2018, Copeia, 106: 86–93, reported on larval morphology. Dias, Araujo-Vieira, Santos, and Both, 2019, Copeia, 107: 417–429, reported on larval morphology. Zanella and Busin, 2007, Check List, 3: 65–66, provided an additional locality from the municipality of Sertão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and mapped the range.

External links:

Please note: these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the American Museum of Natural History. We are not responsible for their content.

For additional sources of general information from other websites search Google
For access to relevant technical literature search Google Scholar
For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.