Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Proceratophrys boiei (Wied-Neuwied, 1824)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Odontophrynidae > Genus: Proceratophrys > Species: Proceratophrys boiei

Ceratophrys boiei Wied-Neuwied, 1824, Isis von Oken, 14: 673. Types: Not designated, although presumably including animal figured by Wied-Neuwied, 1829, Abbild. Naturgesch. Brasil., Heft 13: pl. 47, fig. 1-2. Wied-Neuwied, 1825, Beitr. Naturgesch. Brasil., 1: 592, noted 2 specimens, of which RMNH 24109 is considered to be a surviving syntype and this specimen was designated lectotype by Hoogmoed, 1990, Zool. Meded., Leiden, 63: 267-273. Type locality: "Brasilien"; given as "Bahia" and "Rio de Janeiro", Brazil by Wied-Neuwied, 1825, Beitr. Naturgesch. Brasil., 1: 592. Bokermann, 1966, Lista Anot. Local. Tipo Anf. Brasil.: 25, restricted the type locality to "Rio de Janeiro, Guanabara [now Rio de Janeiro]", Brazil, but this restriction has no nomenclatural status and the lectotype is from Bahia, Brazil.

Stombus bojei — Gravenhorst, 1829, Delic. Mus. Zool. Vratislav., 1: 50. Sturm, 1828, Deutschl. Fauna, Amph.: 309.

Ceratophris granosa Cuvier, 1829, Regne Animal., Ed. 2, 2: 107. Holotype: Not stated; stated to be specimen figured on plate 26, number 2, in Guérin-Méneville, 1838, Icon. Regne Animal, 3, by XXX. By museum records, MNHNP 0.691 is a syntype. Type locality: not stated; given as "l'Amérique méridional" by Guérin-Méneville, 1838, Icon. Regne Animal, 3: 16. Synonymy by Wagler, 1830, Nat. Syst. Amph.: 204; Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gen., 8: 437; Günther, 1859 "1858", Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus.: 24; Steindachner, 1867, Reise Österreichischen Fregatte Novara, Zool., Amph.: 28; Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 223.

Rana (Ceratophris) granosa — Guérin-Méneville, 1838, Icon. Regne Animal, 3: 16.

Stombus granosus — Fitzinger, 1861 "1860", Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Phys. Math. Naturwiss. Kl., 42: 415.

Ceratophrys bojei — Reinhardt and Lütken, 1862 "1861", Vidensk. Medd. Dansk Naturhist. Foren., Ser. 2, 3: 157. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Ceratophrys fryi Günther, 1873, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 4, 11: 417. Holotype: BMNH, by original designation. Noted as BMNH 29 by Prado and Pombal, 2008, Arq. Zool., São Paulo, 39: 32, who figured the specimen. Type locality: "Serra da Mantiqueira, Minas Geraes", Brazil. Synonymy by Prado and Pombal, 2008, Arq. Zool., São Paulo, 39: 27, 32.

Ceratophrys dorsata boiei — Gadow, 1901, Amphibia and Reptiles: 215.

Ceratophrys intermedia Barbour, 1908, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 51: 323. Holotype: MCZ 2254, by original designation. Type locality: "Santa Katarina, Brazil". Synonymy by Bokermann, 1966, Lista Anot. Local. Tipo Anf. Brasil.: 26; Hoogmoed, 1990, Zool. Meded., Leiden, 63: 270.

Stombus fryi — Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920, Rev. Mus. Paulista, São Paulo, 12: 302. Reig and Limeses, 1963, Physis, Buenos Aires, 24: 114.

Ceratophrys boiei — Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920, Rev. Mus. Paulista, São Paulo, 12: 292.

Stombus boiei — Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920, Rev. Mus. Paulista, São Paulo, 12: 302. Reig and Limeses, 1963, Physis, Buenos Aires, 24: 114.

Stombus intermedius — Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926, Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, 27: 123.

Stombus boiei — Lutz, 1954, Mem. Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 52: 227.

Proceratophrys boiei — Lynch, 1971, Misc. Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 53: 134.

Proceratophrys fryi — Lynch, 1971, Misc. Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 53: 134.

English Names

Bioe's Frog (Cochran, 1961, Living Amph. World: 89; Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 91).

White-faced Horned Frog (Griffith in Cuvier, 1831, Animal Kingdom (Griffith), 9: pl. facing page 395).

Bahia Smooth Horned Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 84).

Fry's Smooth Horned Frog (Proceratophrys fryi [no longer recognized]: Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 84).

Distribution

Southern Espírito Santo, southern Minas Gerais and western state of Rio de Janeiro through southern São Paulo, and eastern Paraná, to eastern Santa Catarina, Brazil.

Comment

See account by Heyer, Rand, Cruz, Peixoto, and Nelson, 1990, Arq. Zool., São Paulo, 31: 317-318. Izecksohn and Carvalho-e-Silva, 2001, Anf. Municipio Rio de Janeiro: 87, provided a brief account and photo. Canelas and Bertoluci, 2007, Iheringia, Zool., 97: 21-26, provided a record for the Serra do Caraça, southern end of the Serra do Espinhaço, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Brusquetti and Lavilla, 2006, Cuad. Herpetol., 20: 23, suggested that Paraguayan records of this species are based on misidentified Proceratophrys avelinoi. See account (as Ceratophrys fryi) by Cochran, 1955 "1954", Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 206: 230-232. See discussion in revision by Prado and Pombal, 2008, Arq. Zool., São Paulo, 39: 1-85. Carnaval and Bates, 2007, Evolution, 61: 2942-2957, discussed molecular phylogeography. Amaro, Rodrigues, Yonenaga-Yassuda, and Carnaval, 2012, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 62: 880–888, also discussed molecular phylogeography, suggested that two morphologically indistinguishable lineages can be detected via molecular markers. Dias, Carvalho-e-Silva, and Carvalho-e-Silva, 2013, Zootaxa, 3683: 427–438, reported on the morphology of the larval chondrocranium. Rodriguez, Börner, Pabijan, Gehara, Haddad, and Vences, 2015, Evol. Ecol., 29: 765–785 (and supplemental data), reported on phylogeographic diversity and its causes. Eterovick, Souza, and Sazima, 2020, Anf. Serra do Cipó: 1–292, provided an account, life history information, and an identification scheme for the Serra de Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

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